The Many Rides of Paul Revere

"Listen my children, and you shall hear, of the midnight ride of Paul Revere."  With this one line, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ensured the legacy of 18th-century Boston silversmith, mechanic and entrepreneur, Paul Revere.  The poem, published in January of 1861 in the Atlantic Monthly magazine was simply entitled "Paul Revere's Ride," and purports to detail the ride of Paul Revere to warn Middlesex county farmers and minute men about the approach of Regular Army soldiers to capture a cache of weapons and supplies hidden in Concord, Massachusetts.  However, that dramatic ride was just one of dozens of rides that Paul Revere was hired to do on behalf of the people of Massachusetts.  Join Professor Bob Allison in conversation with Tegan Kehoe, the Research and Adult Programs Director of the historic Paul Revere House on the many rides of Paul Revere.

https://www.paulreverehouse.org/

Transcript

WEBVTT
 
 00:00:02.435 --> 00:00:03.314
 Hello, everyone.
 
 00:00:03.495 --> 00:00:06.057
 Welcome to the Revolution 250 podcast.
 
 00:00:06.136 --> 00:00:07.036
 I am Bob Allison.
 
 00:00:07.577 --> 00:00:09.417
 I chair the Rev 250 Advisory Group,
 
 00:00:09.737 --> 00:00:11.499
 and we are a collaboration
 
 00:00:11.538 --> 00:00:13.320
 among 70-plus organizations
 
 00:00:13.800 --> 00:00:15.099
 in Massachusetts looking at
 
 00:00:15.180 --> 00:00:16.361
 ways to commemorate the
 
 00:00:16.440 --> 00:00:18.641
 beginnings of American independence.
 
 00:00:19.082 --> 00:00:20.242
 And our guest today is a
 
 00:00:20.362 --> 00:00:21.783
 partner from one of our
 
 00:00:21.823 --> 00:00:23.064
 partner organizations,
 
 00:00:23.123 --> 00:00:25.964
 the Paul Revere House, Tegan Kehoe,
 
 00:00:26.045 --> 00:00:27.306
 who is the Research and
 
 00:00:27.346 --> 00:00:28.686
 Adult Program Director at
 
 00:00:28.705 --> 00:00:29.626
 the Paul Revere House.
 
 00:00:29.687 --> 00:00:30.007
 She is a
 
 00:00:30.966 --> 00:00:32.749
 Very experienced veteran of
 
 00:00:32.808 --> 00:00:33.750
 public history.
 
 00:00:33.890 --> 00:00:35.252
 She has worked in a number
 
 00:00:35.271 --> 00:00:36.972
 of different organizations,
 
 00:00:37.093 --> 00:00:38.234
 a real leader in our public
 
 00:00:38.274 --> 00:00:39.076
 history community.
 
 00:00:39.095 --> 00:00:40.536
 So Tegan, thank you for joining us.
 
 00:00:41.118 --> 00:00:42.238
 Thank you so much for having me.
 
 00:00:43.479 --> 00:00:45.963
 And Paul Revere is of course,
 
 00:00:46.063 --> 00:00:47.384
 one of the great figures of
 
 00:00:47.444 --> 00:00:49.006
 the American Revolution.
 
 00:00:49.345 --> 00:00:50.688
 What's your favorite thing
 
 00:00:50.707 --> 00:00:51.709
 you've learned in your time
 
 00:00:51.728 --> 00:00:52.570
 at the Paul Revere House?
 
 00:00:53.459 --> 00:00:54.459
 Oh, that's a great question.
 
 00:00:55.579 --> 00:00:57.640
 So my first answer to it, I think,
 
 00:00:57.680 --> 00:00:58.881
 is going to be very general,
 
 00:00:59.081 --> 00:01:00.502
 which is that I think that
 
 00:01:00.682 --> 00:01:01.502
 one of the things that
 
 00:01:01.561 --> 00:01:04.483
 makes him a great figure to
 
 00:01:04.563 --> 00:01:05.763
 talk about in American
 
 00:01:05.822 --> 00:01:08.063
 history is that he was both
 
 00:01:08.343 --> 00:01:09.405
 a really extraordinary
 
 00:01:09.484 --> 00:01:11.265
 person and a very ordinary one.
 
 00:01:12.105 --> 00:01:14.066
 You know, he was a middle class man.
 
 00:01:14.147 --> 00:01:15.587
 He had a large family he was
 
 00:01:15.647 --> 00:01:16.346
 taking care of.
 
 00:01:18.783 --> 00:01:20.123
 know grew up without without
 
 00:01:20.263 --> 00:01:21.564
 a lot of education and that
 
 00:01:21.625 --> 00:01:23.004
 held him back in some ways
 
 00:01:23.064 --> 00:01:24.266
 but he was able to overcome
 
 00:01:24.305 --> 00:01:26.046
 that in others um so in
 
 00:01:26.066 --> 00:01:28.567
 many ways he was he was a
 
 00:01:28.647 --> 00:01:30.930
 regular guy um and also he
 
 00:01:31.829 --> 00:01:33.551
 was pretty extraordinary in
 
 00:01:33.611 --> 00:01:37.132
 his skill at um taking what
 
 00:01:37.173 --> 00:01:38.394
 he knew about metalworking
 
 00:01:38.453 --> 00:01:39.875
 and transforming that into
 
 00:01:40.015 --> 00:01:41.015
 other fields of
 
 00:01:41.055 --> 00:01:43.036
 metalworking um and he was
 
 00:01:43.135 --> 00:01:45.778
 also a skilled networker and became
 
 00:01:46.319 --> 00:01:47.240
 one of the people sort of
 
 00:01:47.361 --> 00:01:49.981
 everyone knew in Boston and
 
 00:01:50.001 --> 00:01:51.203
 the American Revolution and
 
 00:01:51.322 --> 00:01:52.263
 participated in some
 
 00:01:52.304 --> 00:01:53.284
 extraordinary events.
 
 00:01:53.483 --> 00:01:54.564
 And so I think that that
 
 00:01:55.344 --> 00:01:56.885
 combination of being
 
 00:01:57.427 --> 00:01:58.727
 ordinary and extraordinary,
 
 00:01:59.968 --> 00:02:01.049
 while it's not a specific
 
 00:02:01.088 --> 00:02:02.129
 detail about his life,
 
 00:02:02.328 --> 00:02:03.230
 is I think my favorite
 
 00:02:03.290 --> 00:02:04.691
 thing about Paul Revere.
 
 00:02:06.094 --> 00:02:07.016
 It's really amazing.
 
 00:02:07.137 --> 00:02:09.479
 And you think about it, John Hancock,
 
 00:02:09.560 --> 00:02:11.823
 Samuel Adams, Joseph Warren,
 
 00:02:11.842 --> 00:02:12.905
 the houses where they lived
 
 00:02:13.044 --> 00:02:15.027
 no longer stand, but Paul Revere's does.
 
 00:02:15.549 --> 00:02:15.769
 Right.
 
 00:02:15.788 --> 00:02:16.931
 It's really nostalgic.
 
 00:02:17.611 --> 00:02:19.394
 We're very lucky because I
 
 00:02:19.413 --> 00:02:20.955
 don't think he planned that.
 
 00:02:20.996 --> 00:02:21.937
 He lived here for 30 years.
 
 00:02:23.038 --> 00:02:23.419
 sold it,
 
 00:02:23.479 --> 00:02:25.319
 was able to upgrade when he sold
 
 00:02:25.340 --> 00:02:27.740
 the building in 1800.
 
 00:02:27.740 --> 00:02:31.941
 And this house was a big part of his life,
 
 00:02:32.100 --> 00:02:33.001
 but I don't think that he
 
 00:02:33.040 --> 00:02:34.141
 would have assumed that it
 
 00:02:34.201 --> 00:02:36.162
 would be a part of his legacy.
 
 00:02:36.882 --> 00:02:37.823
 We're very lucky in that
 
 00:02:37.862 --> 00:02:39.062
 we've never had a major fire.
 
 00:02:39.763 --> 00:02:41.483
 And then we're very lucky in
 
 00:02:41.522 --> 00:02:43.343
 that Paul Revere did kind
 
 00:02:43.383 --> 00:02:45.644
 of become a household name,
 
 00:02:46.144 --> 00:02:48.044
 thanks to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
 
 00:02:49.227 --> 00:02:50.668
 And that we ended up being
 
 00:02:50.967 --> 00:02:52.870
 one of the earlier historic
 
 00:02:52.889 --> 00:02:53.670
 house museums.
 
 00:02:53.711 --> 00:02:54.472
 We opened our doors in 1908.
 
 00:02:56.272 --> 00:02:57.033
 So, you know,
 
 00:02:57.093 --> 00:02:59.456
 it was a series of good
 
 00:02:59.537 --> 00:03:00.758
 fortune that made it
 
 00:03:00.798 --> 00:03:01.959
 possible to have the
 
 00:03:01.979 --> 00:03:03.600
 building still around today.
 
 00:03:04.921 --> 00:03:06.082
 So what happens to the house
 
 00:03:06.143 --> 00:03:07.784
 between 1800 when Revere
 
 00:03:07.824 --> 00:03:09.645
 sells it and 1908 when the
 
 00:03:09.686 --> 00:03:10.586
 Paul Revere Memorial
 
 00:03:10.627 --> 00:03:12.188
 Association gets it and
 
 00:03:12.248 --> 00:03:13.270
 opens it as a museum?
 
 00:03:13.896 --> 00:03:15.177
 It had a handful of
 
 00:03:15.217 --> 00:03:16.679
 different owners during that time.
 
 00:03:17.079 --> 00:03:18.620
 And much of that time,
 
 00:03:18.639 --> 00:03:19.760
 it was a boarding house.
 
 00:03:20.121 --> 00:03:23.002
 And that's an era of our
 
 00:03:23.022 --> 00:03:26.025
 history that there's plenty
 
 00:03:26.064 --> 00:03:27.145
 of research left to do,
 
 00:03:27.205 --> 00:03:27.906
 although we've had
 
 00:03:28.546 --> 00:03:30.288
 certainly done some research on it.
 
 00:03:31.367 --> 00:03:32.829
 Because we know that there
 
 00:03:32.848 --> 00:03:33.810
 were periods where it was
 
 00:03:33.849 --> 00:03:34.991
 very much actively a
 
 00:03:35.031 --> 00:03:36.512
 boarding house and people were
 
 00:03:36.972 --> 00:03:38.432
 renting rooms and, you know,
 
 00:03:38.492 --> 00:03:40.014
 multiple individuals and
 
 00:03:40.094 --> 00:03:41.254
 families living there,
 
 00:03:42.355 --> 00:03:44.478
 probably pretty working class, you know,
 
 00:03:44.877 --> 00:03:47.000
 people who were maybe laborers,
 
 00:03:47.060 --> 00:03:47.800
 that sort of thing.
 
 00:03:49.121 --> 00:03:50.282
 And there are periods where
 
 00:03:50.382 --> 00:03:52.843
 it's not clear how actively
 
 00:03:52.883 --> 00:03:53.664
 it was being used as a
 
 00:03:53.705 --> 00:03:54.444
 boarding house and they
 
 00:03:54.465 --> 00:03:55.967
 have just housed one family.
 
 00:03:56.866 --> 00:03:59.188
 But we know that because of that history,
 
 00:04:00.110 --> 00:04:00.689
 there are many,
 
 00:04:00.770 --> 00:04:02.091
 many people who have lived
 
 00:04:02.191 --> 00:04:03.132
 in the Paul Revere house,
 
 00:04:03.611 --> 00:04:04.693
 especially during the 19th century.
 
 00:04:06.314 --> 00:04:07.816
 And then the first floor was
 
 00:04:07.936 --> 00:04:11.618
 often used for retail or other, you know,
 
 00:04:11.699 --> 00:04:13.240
 as many buildings you'll
 
 00:04:13.259 --> 00:04:14.621
 have kind of shop front on
 
 00:04:14.640 --> 00:04:16.362
 the first floor and living
 
 00:04:16.422 --> 00:04:17.702
 space on the floor above.
 
 00:04:19.865 --> 00:04:20.865
 And so it was that kind of
 
 00:04:20.925 --> 00:04:22.286
 combination at the time
 
 00:04:22.367 --> 00:04:23.528
 that a Revere descendant
 
 00:04:24.369 --> 00:04:25.990
 bought it and then began
 
 00:04:26.069 --> 00:04:27.011
 forming the Paul Revere
 
 00:04:27.031 --> 00:04:28.252
 Memorial Association,
 
 00:04:28.331 --> 00:04:29.072
 which is still the
 
 00:04:29.091 --> 00:04:32.295
 nonprofit that operates the museum today.
 
 00:04:33.387 --> 00:04:34.307
 And there's still Revere's
 
 00:04:34.387 --> 00:04:35.487
 involved with the Paul
 
 00:04:35.507 --> 00:04:36.927
 Revere Memorial Association.
 
 00:04:37.348 --> 00:04:37.747
 There are.
 
 00:04:38.307 --> 00:04:41.228
 So Revere had over 50 grandchildren and,
 
 00:04:41.608 --> 00:04:41.829
 you know,
 
 00:04:41.869 --> 00:04:43.509
 continued the greats and the
 
 00:04:43.548 --> 00:04:44.629
 great-greats and so on.
 
 00:04:44.670 --> 00:04:45.970
 There are quite a few of them.
 
 00:04:47.449 --> 00:04:49.031
 And both Revere's who share
 
 00:04:49.071 --> 00:04:50.870
 that last name and those who don't,
 
 00:04:51.531 --> 00:04:52.771
 we've had a number of them
 
 00:04:52.872 --> 00:04:54.031
 involved over the years,
 
 00:04:55.072 --> 00:04:56.892
 including our current board president,
 
 00:04:56.973 --> 00:04:58.132
 Avery Revere is a,
 
 00:04:59.012 --> 00:05:00.593
 not sure how many greats she is,
 
 00:05:01.694 --> 00:05:02.394
 but she's a descendant.
 
 00:05:03.083 --> 00:05:04.002
 That's great.
 
 00:05:04.023 --> 00:05:05.783
 That's such a great connection to have.
 
 00:05:06.504 --> 00:05:07.463
 And of course,
 
 00:05:07.644 --> 00:05:10.745
 what makes him a legend is the ride.
 
 00:05:10.865 --> 00:05:12.345
 And we know he does other rides,
 
 00:05:12.404 --> 00:05:13.326
 but then you were talking
 
 00:05:13.386 --> 00:05:14.565
 about his other work.
 
 00:05:14.685 --> 00:05:14.906
 I mean,
 
 00:05:14.946 --> 00:05:16.466
 he doesn't make his living riding a
 
 00:05:16.526 --> 00:05:16.805
 horse.
 
 00:05:16.826 --> 00:05:17.987
 He makes his living as a
 
 00:05:18.526 --> 00:05:20.547
 silversmith and as a cop, you know,
 
 00:05:20.807 --> 00:05:21.767
 he engraves copper.
 
 00:05:21.848 --> 00:05:23.367
 He does lots of different things.
 
 00:05:23.447 --> 00:05:24.728
 Can we talk a little bit
 
 00:05:24.767 --> 00:05:26.629
 about Revere as a craftsman
 
 00:05:26.709 --> 00:05:27.608
 or an artisan?
 
 00:05:28.209 --> 00:05:28.769
 Absolutely.
 
 00:05:29.408 --> 00:05:31.310
 So I'd love to talk more about his rides
 
 00:05:33.052 --> 00:05:33.851
 Well, we will, yes.
 
 00:05:34.173 --> 00:05:34.392
 Yes.
 
 00:05:34.932 --> 00:05:36.012
 And he does actually get
 
 00:05:36.072 --> 00:05:37.413
 paid for some of his rides,
 
 00:05:37.494 --> 00:05:38.975
 although not the famous midnight ride.
 
 00:05:39.095 --> 00:05:40.194
 But it was never the way
 
 00:05:40.214 --> 00:05:41.315
 he's making a living, you're right.
 
 00:05:41.956 --> 00:05:43.516
 So his training was as a silversmith.
 
 00:05:44.177 --> 00:05:45.877
 He had apprenticed to his father.
 
 00:05:45.898 --> 00:05:48.459
 So his father had been a silversmith.
 
 00:05:48.918 --> 00:05:49.800
 You'll also see them
 
 00:05:49.839 --> 00:05:51.160
 recorded as goldsmiths,
 
 00:05:51.240 --> 00:05:52.201
 because that was the same
 
 00:05:52.300 --> 00:05:53.141
 training at the time.
 
 00:05:53.521 --> 00:05:55.461
 But the bulk of his work was in silver,
 
 00:05:56.122 --> 00:05:57.822
 just because that was what was available.
 
 00:05:57.843 --> 00:05:58.684
 That was what the market
 
 00:05:59.403 --> 00:06:00.584
 supplied and what it wanted.
 
 00:06:02.838 --> 00:06:06.360
 And so the oldest son was
 
 00:06:06.399 --> 00:06:07.600
 able to inherit from his
 
 00:06:07.641 --> 00:06:09.721
 father the tools and the shop.
 
 00:06:10.482 --> 00:06:12.023
 Unfortunately, that was fairly young.
 
 00:06:12.103 --> 00:06:13.523
 His father died a few years
 
 00:06:13.583 --> 00:06:15.184
 before his apprenticeship ended.
 
 00:06:16.644 --> 00:06:18.345
 And he went off to fight in
 
 00:06:18.365 --> 00:06:20.446
 the French and Indian War, returned home,
 
 00:06:20.485 --> 00:06:22.105
 and started to rebuild this business.
 
 00:06:22.706 --> 00:06:23.466
 And thankfully,
 
 00:06:23.867 --> 00:06:26.187
 he was a very adept student
 
 00:06:26.288 --> 00:06:27.829
 and was able to launch
 
 00:06:27.869 --> 00:06:29.269
 himself as a silversmith
 
 00:06:29.309 --> 00:06:30.309
 despite having his
 
 00:06:30.329 --> 00:06:31.350
 apprenticeship cut short.
 
 00:06:32.425 --> 00:06:35.312
 Um, so silversmithing at the time was, um,
 
 00:06:36.576 --> 00:06:37.499
 kind of occupied an
 
 00:06:37.619 --> 00:06:40.548
 interesting place in the socioeconomic
 
 00:06:42.538 --> 00:06:43.420
 So he was considered a
 
 00:06:43.560 --> 00:06:45.180
 mechanic or today we might
 
 00:06:45.221 --> 00:06:46.021
 say an artisan.
 
 00:06:46.101 --> 00:06:47.483
 So someone who's making a
 
 00:06:47.523 --> 00:06:49.283
 living through craft,
 
 00:06:49.324 --> 00:06:50.464
 through working with his hands.
 
 00:06:51.005 --> 00:06:52.086
 And it was somewhat on the
 
 00:06:52.406 --> 00:06:54.028
 top of the ladder in terms
 
 00:06:54.208 --> 00:06:55.329
 of the social class of
 
 00:06:55.369 --> 00:06:56.550
 someone working with their hands.
 
 00:06:57.690 --> 00:06:59.271
 But it also very much went
 
 00:06:59.411 --> 00:07:00.994
 up and down with the market.
 
 00:07:01.533 --> 00:07:02.654
 So you're making silver.
 
 00:07:02.735 --> 00:07:04.235
 So a lot of your biggest
 
 00:07:04.315 --> 00:07:06.197
 customers are ordering luxury goods.
 
 00:07:06.377 --> 00:07:07.559
 They're ordering fine tea
 
 00:07:07.619 --> 00:07:08.740
 sets and they're ordering
 
 00:07:10.581 --> 00:07:12.262
 interesting custom items,
 
 00:07:12.541 --> 00:07:13.862
 like one of our favorites
 
 00:07:13.942 --> 00:07:15.302
 is that he made a silver
 
 00:07:15.362 --> 00:07:17.064
 chain for someone's pet squirrel.
 
 00:07:17.564 --> 00:07:18.704
 And pet squirrels were not
 
 00:07:18.785 --> 00:07:19.865
 particularly more common at
 
 00:07:19.884 --> 00:07:20.805
 the time than they are now,
 
 00:07:20.886 --> 00:07:21.985
 so this was an odd one.
 
 00:07:22.607 --> 00:07:22.867
 No,
 
 00:07:22.906 --> 00:07:24.648
 there's of course a silver chain in the
 
 00:07:24.728 --> 00:07:25.408
 Henry Pelham,
 
 00:07:25.528 --> 00:07:27.048
 in the painting by Copley of
 
 00:07:27.069 --> 00:07:27.649
 Henry Pelham.
 
 00:07:27.689 --> 00:07:28.629
 I wonder if that's a chain
 
 00:07:28.689 --> 00:07:29.589
 Revere might have made.
 
 00:07:30.048 --> 00:07:30.750
 I believe it is.
 
 00:07:30.990 --> 00:07:32.651
 I haven't seen the documentation,
 
 00:07:32.670 --> 00:07:33.932
 but I believe that's the one.
 
 00:07:35.533 --> 00:07:38.076
 And he also made more mundane items,
 
 00:07:38.115 --> 00:07:40.398
 you know, buckles and spoons and,
 
 00:07:40.817 --> 00:07:41.798
 you know, that sort of thing.
 
 00:07:43.139 --> 00:07:45.641
 But a lot of his work was
 
 00:07:46.262 --> 00:07:47.384
 very vulnerable to the ups
 
 00:07:47.444 --> 00:07:48.485
 and downs in the economy.
 
 00:07:48.944 --> 00:07:50.045
 The economy was definitely
 
 00:07:50.086 --> 00:07:51.867
 going up and down in the
 
 00:07:52.067 --> 00:07:53.088
 lead up to the revolution.
 
 00:07:54.709 --> 00:07:57.351
 And some people also used
 
 00:07:57.432 --> 00:07:59.112
 silver as a form of wealth storage.
 
 00:07:59.233 --> 00:08:00.634
 So even someone who didn't
 
 00:08:00.694 --> 00:08:02.576
 have a lot of money to buy
 
 00:08:02.596 --> 00:08:03.896
 themselves a nice tea set
 
 00:08:03.937 --> 00:08:05.117
 just because it looked nice
 
 00:08:05.177 --> 00:08:06.418
 and they could impress their guests,
 
 00:08:06.980 --> 00:08:08.120
 it might be kind of where
 
 00:08:08.139 --> 00:08:08.740
 they're putting their
 
 00:08:08.781 --> 00:08:11.062
 savings is into a nice silver item.
 
 00:08:11.723 --> 00:08:12.264
 But again- There aren't
 
 00:08:12.283 --> 00:08:14.565
 really banks where you could put it in.
 
 00:08:14.985 --> 00:08:15.346
 So yes,
 
 00:08:15.425 --> 00:08:16.786
 it's something you then could use
 
 00:08:16.867 --> 00:08:17.348
 and store it.
 
 00:08:18.038 --> 00:08:18.738
 Yes, yes.
 
 00:08:19.199 --> 00:08:20.600
 But again, in the economy,
 
 00:08:20.800 --> 00:08:21.781
 when there's a downturn,
 
 00:08:21.841 --> 00:08:23.384
 you don't have a lot of people saying, oh,
 
 00:08:23.423 --> 00:08:25.646
 I need to store my wealth right now.
 
 00:08:26.447 --> 00:08:29.310
 So Revere had a lot of side jobs and he,
 
 00:08:31.076 --> 00:08:32.357
 used the skills that he knew
 
 00:08:32.457 --> 00:08:33.719
 from silver engraving,
 
 00:08:34.038 --> 00:08:34.820
 because that was part of
 
 00:08:34.879 --> 00:08:36.902
 his work as a smith, was engraving,
 
 00:08:38.043 --> 00:08:40.605
 to engrave copper plates for printing,
 
 00:08:40.946 --> 00:08:41.586
 as you mentioned.
 
 00:08:42.628 --> 00:08:44.429
 And so he had a wide variety
 
 00:08:44.470 --> 00:08:46.471
 of clients for that work.
 
 00:08:47.452 --> 00:08:49.254
 He did mastheads for newspapers.
 
 00:08:49.575 --> 00:08:50.015
 He did
 
 00:08:51.417 --> 00:08:52.597
 paper money at a time when
 
 00:08:52.638 --> 00:08:55.558
 that was not federally standardized.
 
 00:08:55.619 --> 00:08:57.860
 He did book plates and things like that.
 
 00:08:58.000 --> 00:09:00.221
 And he had a lot of kind of
 
 00:09:00.260 --> 00:09:01.361
 business to business work
 
 00:09:01.402 --> 00:09:03.142
 where he was making either
 
 00:09:03.162 --> 00:09:04.363
 the business card or the
 
 00:09:07.323 --> 00:09:09.206
 trade logo sort of thing for
 
 00:09:09.306 --> 00:09:10.067
 other businesses.
 
 00:09:11.148 --> 00:09:13.610
 And so that helped keep him
 
 00:09:13.649 --> 00:09:14.571
 and his family afloat.
 
 00:09:14.630 --> 00:09:16.352
 And he was also doing political cartoons.
 
 00:09:16.893 --> 00:09:18.173
 He wasn't much of an artist
 
 00:09:18.254 --> 00:09:19.875
 himself or much of an original artist.
 
 00:09:19.936 --> 00:09:21.157
 He was doing a lot of borrowing.
 
 00:09:21.658 --> 00:09:23.960
 Most of that was within both
 
 00:09:23.980 --> 00:09:25.020
 the legal and kind of
 
 00:09:25.061 --> 00:09:26.381
 social expectations about
 
 00:09:26.422 --> 00:09:27.943
 the kind of borrowing you might do.
 
 00:09:28.703 --> 00:09:30.945
 But one of his most famous,
 
 00:09:31.445 --> 00:09:33.186
 the print of the Boston Massacre,
 
 00:09:34.086 --> 00:09:34.966
 was borrowed without
 
 00:09:35.006 --> 00:09:36.346
 permission and basically
 
 00:09:36.427 --> 00:09:38.388
 scooped from Henry Pelham,
 
 00:09:38.748 --> 00:09:39.609
 who had done it first.
 
 00:09:40.188 --> 00:09:41.850
 Revere got his version to print first.
 
 00:09:42.470 --> 00:09:43.590
 It was technically legal.
 
 00:09:43.929 --> 00:09:45.451
 It was not something that
 
 00:09:45.571 --> 00:09:47.272
 Pelham particularly approved of.
 
 00:09:48.011 --> 00:09:49.692
 So you've got kind of both
 
 00:09:49.753 --> 00:09:50.472
 sides of that there.
 
 00:09:51.254 --> 00:09:52.433
 And then a lot of Revere's
 
 00:09:53.134 --> 00:09:54.715
 interesting career happened
 
 00:09:54.835 --> 00:09:55.716
 after the revolution.
 
 00:09:55.735 --> 00:09:57.395
 Oh, I forgot to mention,
 
 00:09:57.416 --> 00:10:01.678
 he was a part-time dentist.
 
 00:10:01.719 --> 00:10:03.278
 That phrase strikes fear in
 
 00:10:03.298 --> 00:10:04.159
 the heart of anyone who's
 
 00:10:04.179 --> 00:10:05.639
 had a dentist experience,
 
 00:10:05.860 --> 00:10:07.880
 but that was moderately common.
 
 00:10:07.921 --> 00:10:09.461
 I'd say- Especially a part-time one, yeah.
 
 00:10:09.961 --> 00:10:10.182
 Yeah.
 
 00:10:12.255 --> 00:10:13.297
 I think he was kind of on
 
 00:10:13.317 --> 00:10:15.217
 the lower end of the
 
 00:10:15.258 --> 00:10:16.499
 spectrum of how much
 
 00:10:16.619 --> 00:10:18.019
 training and experience
 
 00:10:18.059 --> 00:10:19.561
 people had going into dentistry.
 
 00:10:20.241 --> 00:10:21.602
 It was some of the same skills,
 
 00:10:22.003 --> 00:10:24.384
 polishing silver and
 
 00:10:24.445 --> 00:10:26.125
 polishing teeth not as far
 
 00:10:26.186 --> 00:10:27.787
 apart as we might like them to be,
 
 00:10:27.807 --> 00:10:30.188
 and some of the same tools as well.
 
 00:10:32.432 --> 00:10:33.152
 Fitting a denture,
 
 00:10:33.172 --> 00:10:34.393
 you might need silver wire.
 
 00:10:34.413 --> 00:10:36.355
 He produced the silver wire.
 
 00:10:37.235 --> 00:10:38.475
 So he had, yeah,
 
 00:10:39.456 --> 00:10:41.138
 he had a very diversified skill set.
 
 00:10:41.758 --> 00:10:42.938
 Continued that on after the
 
 00:10:42.979 --> 00:10:45.200
 revolution with casting
 
 00:10:45.681 --> 00:10:49.682
 chip fittings and artillery and bells.
 
 00:10:49.743 --> 00:10:51.543
 And then started the first
 
 00:10:51.705 --> 00:10:53.004
 successful copper rolling
 
 00:10:53.024 --> 00:10:54.125
 mill in the United States.
 
 00:10:54.706 --> 00:10:55.667
 And that's kind of the later
 
 00:10:55.706 --> 00:10:56.467
 portion of his life.
 
 00:10:56.488 --> 00:10:56.927
 Right, right.
 
 00:10:57.335 --> 00:10:58.336
 So that's interesting.
 
 00:10:58.375 --> 00:10:59.876
 We're talking with Tegan Kehoe,
 
 00:11:00.057 --> 00:11:01.018
 who is the Research and
 
 00:11:01.057 --> 00:11:02.339
 Adult Program Director at
 
 00:11:02.379 --> 00:11:03.880
 the Paul Revere House.
 
 00:11:04.360 --> 00:11:05.442
 The Paul Revere Memorial
 
 00:11:05.481 --> 00:11:06.562
 Association has been
 
 00:11:07.143 --> 00:11:10.186
 running the house since 1908.
 
 00:11:10.186 --> 00:11:12.488
 And let's talk then about
 
 00:11:12.508 --> 00:11:14.129
 the things everyone knows
 
 00:11:14.188 --> 00:11:16.051
 about Revere is that he
 
 00:11:16.971 --> 00:11:18.712
 wrote and he warned people
 
 00:11:18.972 --> 00:11:20.274
 and he delivered messages.
 
 00:11:20.355 --> 00:11:22.817
 So how did he get into that?
 
 00:11:24.176 --> 00:11:26.136
 So that's a great question
 
 00:11:26.376 --> 00:11:27.538
 because we don't entirely know.
 
 00:11:28.278 --> 00:11:32.240
 We know that by 1773,
 
 00:11:32.240 --> 00:11:33.201
 which was when he did kind
 
 00:11:33.221 --> 00:11:34.662
 of his first messenger ride,
 
 00:11:35.602 --> 00:11:37.543
 he was very much known to
 
 00:11:37.583 --> 00:11:38.563
 the other patriots.
 
 00:11:38.825 --> 00:11:40.946
 So we know how he became
 
 00:11:41.066 --> 00:11:42.667
 someone that people would
 
 00:11:42.687 --> 00:11:43.726
 trust with these messages.
 
 00:11:44.467 --> 00:11:45.567
 He had been involved in
 
 00:11:45.668 --> 00:11:47.830
 politics since at least the
 
 00:11:47.850 --> 00:11:51.054
 Stamp Act riots in 1765.
 
 00:11:51.054 --> 00:11:52.897
 He was an active Freemason,
 
 00:11:53.096 --> 00:11:54.057
 which was one of the few
 
 00:11:54.118 --> 00:11:57.701
 places that a man of kind of moderate
 
 00:11:58.326 --> 00:11:59.967
 means or modest background
 
 00:12:00.528 --> 00:12:01.649
 could really climb the
 
 00:12:01.688 --> 00:12:03.250
 ranks and prove himself in
 
 00:12:03.269 --> 00:12:04.871
 a meritocracy just by being
 
 00:12:04.892 --> 00:12:06.712
 a good character and a hard
 
 00:12:06.773 --> 00:12:08.855
 worker in learning the rights.
 
 00:12:09.615 --> 00:12:10.515
 And this meant that he had
 
 00:12:10.535 --> 00:12:13.119
 the opportunity to get to
 
 00:12:13.198 --> 00:12:15.240
 know people who were active
 
 00:12:15.301 --> 00:12:16.922
 on the political side of the revolution,
 
 00:12:16.981 --> 00:12:18.623
 people who were bringing in
 
 00:12:19.043 --> 00:12:20.205
 enlightenment philosophy
 
 00:12:20.264 --> 00:12:21.105
 and that sort of thing.
 
 00:12:21.184 --> 00:12:23.267
 So he knew all the big players.
 
 00:12:23.668 --> 00:12:25.149
 Many of them were also his customers.
 
 00:12:26.690 --> 00:12:27.870
 big players on both sides of
 
 00:12:27.890 --> 00:12:28.672
 the conflict were his
 
 00:12:28.731 --> 00:12:31.115
 customers um and so he was
 
 00:12:32.635 --> 00:12:33.856
 we know how he became
 
 00:12:33.976 --> 00:12:35.058
 someone that they might go
 
 00:12:35.139 --> 00:12:37.100
 to we don't know how he got
 
 00:12:37.120 --> 00:12:39.001
 good at riding a horse um
 
 00:12:39.623 --> 00:12:41.404
 so we did not own a horse
 
 00:12:42.024 --> 00:12:43.005
 not during this period of
 
 00:12:43.066 --> 00:12:43.986
 his life as far as we've
 
 00:12:44.006 --> 00:12:45.269
 been able to to tell from
 
 00:12:45.568 --> 00:12:47.009
 from what documentation we
 
 00:12:47.049 --> 00:12:49.312
 have he might have had a cow um
 
 00:12:50.413 --> 00:12:52.053
 And at the time- You're not
 
 00:12:52.073 --> 00:12:53.355
 going to ride a cow very far.
 
 00:12:53.816 --> 00:12:53.995
 Right.
 
 00:12:54.996 --> 00:12:56.398
 It was a more common skill
 
 00:12:56.437 --> 00:12:57.337
 than it is today,
 
 00:12:57.619 --> 00:12:58.740
 but not as common as
 
 00:12:58.779 --> 00:13:00.081
 driving a car is today.
 
 00:13:00.280 --> 00:13:00.561
 Right.
 
 00:13:00.701 --> 00:13:02.062
 And he grew up in the North
 
 00:13:02.182 --> 00:13:04.524
 End where the Paul Revere house is.
 
 00:13:04.604 --> 00:13:05.784
 He didn't grow up in this house,
 
 00:13:05.904 --> 00:13:07.086
 but a couple blocks away.
 
 00:13:07.966 --> 00:13:09.268
 So that's- And there was no
 
 00:13:09.327 --> 00:13:10.649
 parking then as now.
 
 00:13:11.549 --> 00:13:12.070
 Right, right.
 
 00:13:12.169 --> 00:13:13.431
 It was the densest
 
 00:13:13.791 --> 00:13:15.231
 residential part of Boston.
 
 00:13:15.792 --> 00:13:17.974
 He wouldn't have needed to
 
 00:13:17.994 --> 00:13:19.014
 be able to ride a horse.
 
 00:13:20.075 --> 00:13:21.394
 So it's not extraordinary
 
 00:13:21.455 --> 00:13:22.395
 that he could ride a horse.
 
 00:13:22.956 --> 00:13:24.456
 It's a little extraordinary
 
 00:13:24.496 --> 00:13:26.957
 that he got very good at riding a horse.
 
 00:13:28.058 --> 00:13:30.120
 Even with his first kind of
 
 00:13:30.139 --> 00:13:31.441
 colony to colony ride,
 
 00:13:32.229 --> 00:13:33.590
 newspapers reported on him
 
 00:13:33.649 --> 00:13:35.312
 making exceptionally good time.
 
 00:13:35.351 --> 00:13:36.893
 Well, when was that, Eugen?
 
 00:13:37.633 --> 00:13:39.434
 That was after the Boston Tea Party.
 
 00:13:40.154 --> 00:13:44.018
 So December 16th, 1773,
 
 00:13:44.018 --> 00:13:45.038
 time-honored tradition of
 
 00:13:45.178 --> 00:13:46.279
 property destruction as a
 
 00:13:46.320 --> 00:13:47.600
 method of political protest.
 
 00:13:47.681 --> 00:13:48.902
 And this was, you know,
 
 00:13:48.942 --> 00:13:50.562
 the biggest the Patriots had done yet,
 
 00:13:50.822 --> 00:13:52.284
 and certainly the most famous.
 
 00:13:53.125 --> 00:13:53.325
 And
 
 00:13:55.092 --> 00:13:56.674
 Revere was the one who was
 
 00:13:56.774 --> 00:13:57.855
 dispatched to bring this
 
 00:13:57.956 --> 00:13:59.717
 news to New York the
 
 00:13:59.778 --> 00:14:01.120
 morning after the event.
 
 00:14:01.681 --> 00:14:02.822
 We don't know for sure
 
 00:14:02.902 --> 00:14:04.683
 whether he was present at the tea party.
 
 00:14:05.548 --> 00:14:08.528
 Signs point to yes, but the documentation,
 
 00:14:08.548 --> 00:14:09.828
 a lot of it is, you know,
 
 00:14:09.889 --> 00:14:11.489
 from decades later and so on.
 
 00:14:12.549 --> 00:14:13.970
 But we do know that he was
 
 00:14:14.029 --> 00:14:15.389
 the one who brought the
 
 00:14:15.409 --> 00:14:17.791
 message to fellow patriots
 
 00:14:17.951 --> 00:14:18.691
 in New York City.
 
 00:14:19.910 --> 00:14:20.770
 And I mentioned that
 
 00:14:20.811 --> 00:14:22.051
 newspapers reported on it.
 
 00:14:22.171 --> 00:14:25.351
 They didn't refer to him by name yet,
 
 00:14:25.572 --> 00:14:27.592
 although he was later in papers,
 
 00:14:27.673 --> 00:14:29.592
 even in London for his messenger work.
 
 00:14:30.352 --> 00:14:31.592
 But that kind of kicked off
 
 00:14:33.014 --> 00:14:34.153
 his work as a messenger.
 
 00:14:35.971 --> 00:14:36.431
 Interesting.
 
 00:14:37.071 --> 00:14:38.471
 And so then he does really
 
 00:14:38.511 --> 00:14:39.513
 well that first time when
 
 00:14:39.533 --> 00:14:40.594
 he brings the message to
 
 00:14:40.634 --> 00:14:41.875
 New York very quickly.
 
 00:14:42.475 --> 00:14:43.796
 And then there's going to be
 
 00:14:43.836 --> 00:14:45.797
 more communication among these colonies.
 
 00:14:46.177 --> 00:14:49.259
 So he becomes really a vital link in this.
 
 00:14:49.852 --> 00:14:50.432
 Absolutely.
 
 00:14:50.452 --> 00:14:51.994
 And he certainly wasn't the
 
 00:14:52.134 --> 00:14:53.754
 only person carrying messages.
 
 00:14:54.315 --> 00:14:56.115
 He's now one of the best
 
 00:14:56.216 --> 00:14:58.376
 known and he was trusted
 
 00:14:58.437 --> 00:14:59.738
 with some very important
 
 00:14:59.898 --> 00:15:00.759
 political moments.
 
 00:15:01.879 --> 00:15:03.440
 And so most of the messages
 
 00:15:03.519 --> 00:15:05.081
 he carried were in 1774.
 
 00:15:05.081 --> 00:15:07.481
 So this is perfect because
 
 00:15:07.562 --> 00:15:09.143
 right now it's the 250th
 
 00:15:09.182 --> 00:15:10.744
 anniversary of those messages.
 
 00:15:11.865 --> 00:15:13.907
 And a lot of this is related to,
 
 00:15:14.548 --> 00:15:15.067
 as you mentioned,
 
 00:15:15.087 --> 00:15:16.669
 there was a lot of growing
 
 00:15:16.730 --> 00:15:18.471
 communication between the colonies.
 
 00:15:19.052 --> 00:15:20.212
 And the colonies were really
 
 00:15:20.472 --> 00:15:22.495
 forming communication
 
 00:15:22.554 --> 00:15:23.995
 networks in a way that they
 
 00:15:24.035 --> 00:15:24.937
 never had before.
 
 00:15:25.817 --> 00:15:26.859
 And there are some scholars
 
 00:15:26.899 --> 00:15:28.019
 of the American Revolution
 
 00:15:28.080 --> 00:15:29.081
 who really argued that it
 
 00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:31.042
 was a communication revolution.
 
 00:15:32.823 --> 00:15:34.785
 That was one of the top ways
 
 00:15:34.885 --> 00:15:36.067
 in which it was revolutionary.
 
 00:15:37.048 --> 00:15:38.188
 And so Revere,
 
 00:15:39.105 --> 00:15:40.745
 often delivered messages on
 
 00:15:40.806 --> 00:15:43.167
 behalf of committees of correspondence.
 
 00:15:47.587 --> 00:15:48.908
 Depending on how you look at it,
 
 00:15:49.009 --> 00:15:50.408
 somewhat extralegal
 
 00:15:50.688 --> 00:15:53.429
 versions of the local town meetings.
 
 00:15:53.509 --> 00:15:55.831
 So they are kind of voted
 
 00:15:55.890 --> 00:15:57.532
 into existence by a legal
 
 00:15:57.572 --> 00:15:58.251
 body that didn't
 
 00:15:58.272 --> 00:15:59.131
 necessarily have the
 
 00:15:59.172 --> 00:16:02.493
 authority to create an auxiliary.
 
 00:16:03.413 --> 00:16:04.033
 At least that's how it
 
 00:16:04.053 --> 00:16:05.293
 worked in Massachusetts.
 
 00:16:07.455 --> 00:16:08.794
 and the correspondence in
 
 00:16:08.835 --> 00:16:10.316
 the name meant that their
 
 00:16:10.596 --> 00:16:13.676
 role was uh communicating
 
 00:16:13.956 --> 00:16:15.616
 with other counties with
 
 00:16:15.657 --> 00:16:18.418
 other colonies and creating
 
 00:16:18.457 --> 00:16:20.638
 this network and developing
 
 00:16:20.677 --> 00:16:22.379
 this sense of collaboration
 
 00:16:22.438 --> 00:16:23.499
 and we're in this together
 
 00:16:23.519 --> 00:16:24.958
 right and typically the
 
 00:16:25.019 --> 00:16:26.078
 people who would be elected
 
 00:16:26.139 --> 00:16:26.700
 to a committee of
 
 00:16:26.759 --> 00:16:28.279
 correspondence were
 
 00:16:28.620 --> 00:16:30.240
 right-thinking patriots who
 
 00:16:30.259 --> 00:16:30.740
 then were going to
 
 00:16:30.780 --> 00:16:32.100
 correspond with other
 
 00:16:32.140 --> 00:16:33.461
 right-thinking patriots in
 
 00:16:33.480 --> 00:16:35.182
 other towns counties
 
 00:16:35.642 --> 00:16:36.881
 colonies so it's really a
 
 00:16:37.586 --> 00:16:39.768
 extraordinary creation of a
 
 00:16:39.847 --> 00:16:41.528
 network to connect these
 
 00:16:41.629 --> 00:16:43.529
 different folks from
 
 00:16:43.870 --> 00:16:46.211
 Massachusetts and in New
 
 00:16:46.251 --> 00:16:47.452
 Hampshire down to Georgia.
 
 00:16:48.214 --> 00:16:49.533
 So you do need someone to
 
 00:16:49.595 --> 00:16:50.715
 actually carry the messages
 
 00:16:50.794 --> 00:16:53.576
 because there is a post office,
 
 00:16:53.636 --> 00:16:54.538
 but this is a much more
 
 00:16:54.577 --> 00:16:55.879
 effective way of getting a
 
 00:16:55.938 --> 00:16:58.441
 message from point A to point B. Yes,
 
 00:16:58.620 --> 00:16:59.201
 absolutely.
 
 00:17:00.221 --> 00:17:01.842
 So some of Revere's rides in 74 were
 
 00:17:04.684 --> 00:17:06.507
 the immediate response to
 
 00:17:06.707 --> 00:17:08.808
 the act known as the Intolerable Acts,
 
 00:17:08.989 --> 00:17:10.931
 which were a response to
 
 00:17:10.951 --> 00:17:11.931
 the Boston Tea Party.
 
 00:17:12.811 --> 00:17:14.313
 And so they included the
 
 00:17:14.374 --> 00:17:15.734
 Massachusetts Government Act,
 
 00:17:15.994 --> 00:17:18.876
 which stripped local
 
 00:17:18.916 --> 00:17:20.898
 government of a lot of its former powers,
 
 00:17:21.900 --> 00:17:22.701
 and the Port Act,
 
 00:17:22.740 --> 00:17:24.321
 which closed the port of Boston,
 
 00:17:25.202 --> 00:17:26.943
 which had major economic
 
 00:17:27.023 --> 00:17:28.605
 impacts and day-to-day life
 
 00:17:28.705 --> 00:17:29.967
 impacts on Boston.
 
 00:17:32.321 --> 00:17:35.184
 And for the most part,
 
 00:17:35.244 --> 00:17:36.226
 most of these acts were
 
 00:17:36.266 --> 00:17:38.188
 specifically targeting Massachusetts.
 
 00:17:38.347 --> 00:17:41.250
 And so it was really a kind
 
 00:17:41.290 --> 00:17:42.692
 of a sea change was the
 
 00:17:42.751 --> 00:17:44.114
 fact that other colonies
 
 00:17:45.115 --> 00:17:46.875
 responded to this and they
 
 00:17:47.016 --> 00:17:49.137
 treated it as an attack on all,
 
 00:17:49.338 --> 00:17:53.021
 even though strictly speaking,
 
 00:17:53.182 --> 00:17:54.824
 some of the most important acts were not.
 
 00:17:55.984 --> 00:17:56.665
 So Revere
 
 00:17:57.210 --> 00:17:58.510
 shared that news.
 
 00:17:58.830 --> 00:18:00.291
 He was in several important
 
 00:18:00.332 --> 00:18:01.792
 cities kind of in the Northeast.
 
 00:18:03.334 --> 00:18:05.454
 And then we're coming up in
 
 00:18:05.474 --> 00:18:06.496
 a couple months on the
 
 00:18:06.536 --> 00:18:08.217
 anniversary of the first
 
 00:18:08.297 --> 00:18:10.198
 Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
 
 00:18:10.978 --> 00:18:14.359
 And one of the kind of
 
 00:18:14.400 --> 00:18:15.480
 political moments that was
 
 00:18:15.520 --> 00:18:16.621
 happening behind the scenes
 
 00:18:16.701 --> 00:18:18.201
 while that's going on is
 
 00:18:18.241 --> 00:18:19.403
 that here in Massachusetts,
 
 00:18:19.583 --> 00:18:21.544
 a number of counties were
 
 00:18:21.604 --> 00:18:22.484
 drafting their own
 
 00:18:23.433 --> 00:18:24.676
 set of responses,
 
 00:18:24.896 --> 00:18:27.823
 formal responses to the intolerable acts.
 
 00:18:27.982 --> 00:18:28.944
 So there had been mutterings
 
 00:18:29.005 --> 00:18:30.227
 and there had been anger,
 
 00:18:30.647 --> 00:18:31.388
 but they were trying to
 
 00:18:31.429 --> 00:18:32.411
 come up with something that
 
 00:18:32.451 --> 00:18:34.134
 was more of a political document.
 
 00:18:34.615 --> 00:18:35.817
 And the subject resolves
 
 00:18:37.124 --> 00:18:38.545
 was the document that ended
 
 00:18:38.664 --> 00:18:40.465
 up being representative of
 
 00:18:41.247 --> 00:18:42.788
 all of these versions.
 
 00:18:43.449 --> 00:18:44.369
 And Revere carried the
 
 00:18:44.410 --> 00:18:46.151
 Suffolk Resolves from where
 
 00:18:46.171 --> 00:18:47.412
 they were signed in Milton
 
 00:18:47.451 --> 00:18:49.453
 Mass to the First
 
 00:18:49.493 --> 00:18:50.515
 Continental Congress in
 
 00:18:50.555 --> 00:18:52.195
 Philadelphia in September.
 
 00:18:53.017 --> 00:18:54.278
 And then he became a messenger.
 
 00:18:54.357 --> 00:18:55.098
 He made a couple of
 
 00:18:55.638 --> 00:18:56.559
 round-trip Boston and
 
 00:18:56.599 --> 00:18:59.402
 Philadelphia trips during
 
 00:18:59.422 --> 00:19:00.123
 that time as well.
 
 00:19:00.682 --> 00:19:01.443
 Interesting.
 
 00:19:01.463 --> 00:19:02.826
 We're talking with Tegan Kehoe,
 
 00:19:02.865 --> 00:19:03.907
 who is the research and
 
 00:19:03.948 --> 00:19:05.189
 adult program director of
 
 00:19:05.229 --> 00:19:06.211
 the Polar Repair House.
 
 00:19:06.856 --> 00:19:07.676
 And we're talking now about
 
 00:19:07.936 --> 00:19:08.698
 Revere's rides.
 
 00:19:08.778 --> 00:19:10.198
 Jonathan just reminded me
 
 00:19:10.258 --> 00:19:13.659
 before we begin that in September of 1774,
 
 00:19:13.659 --> 00:19:15.339
 when he carried the Suffolk Resolves,
 
 00:19:15.380 --> 00:19:17.080
 he submitted then an
 
 00:19:17.161 --> 00:19:18.820
 invoice for hiring a horse
 
 00:19:18.881 --> 00:19:20.142
 from Boston to New York.
 
 00:19:20.182 --> 00:19:22.122
 But then from New York to Philadelphia,
 
 00:19:22.182 --> 00:19:23.522
 he hired a horse and a suki,
 
 00:19:23.583 --> 00:19:25.084
 that is a carriage, to take him,
 
 00:19:25.384 --> 00:19:26.044
 which would have been a lot
 
 00:19:26.064 --> 00:19:26.624
 more comfortable.
 
 00:19:27.483 --> 00:19:28.545
 And then the next ride,
 
 00:19:28.585 --> 00:19:30.484
 it was horse and buggy all the way.
 
 00:19:32.026 --> 00:19:34.669
 So we have two images of him.
 
 00:19:34.848 --> 00:19:37.472
 One is the solo man riding a horse,
 
 00:19:37.512 --> 00:19:38.173
 but here we have a man
 
 00:19:38.252 --> 00:19:40.056
 riding in a horse in a wagon.
 
 00:19:40.256 --> 00:19:41.596
 And then he's also
 
 00:19:41.657 --> 00:19:43.159
 submitting an invoice for this.
 
 00:19:43.239 --> 00:19:45.622
 So they're paying him by the mile.
 
 00:19:47.019 --> 00:19:50.002
 Again, if your boss said, hey,
 
 00:19:50.284 --> 00:19:51.765
 take a message to Philadelphia,
 
 00:19:51.805 --> 00:19:52.326
 you're probably going to
 
 00:19:52.346 --> 00:19:54.188
 want to ask for car fare or something.
 
 00:19:54.288 --> 00:19:55.910
 So don't begrudge him
 
 00:19:56.529 --> 00:19:57.611
 submitting an invoice.
 
 00:19:57.651 --> 00:20:01.075
 So can you tell us anything
 
 00:20:01.095 --> 00:20:01.635
 more about this?
 
 00:20:03.548 --> 00:20:05.369
 Not as much as I would like to be able to.
 
 00:20:05.450 --> 00:20:06.990
 Some of the details of this
 
 00:20:07.050 --> 00:20:08.471
 are something that I'm
 
 00:20:08.932 --> 00:20:09.712
 still learning about and
 
 00:20:09.732 --> 00:20:11.414
 still learning what is documented.
 
 00:20:12.474 --> 00:20:13.435
 But yes,
 
 00:20:13.596 --> 00:20:16.638
 it was common for political messengers,
 
 00:20:16.759 --> 00:20:19.079
 including big names like Paul Revere,
 
 00:20:19.780 --> 00:20:20.421
 to get paid.
 
 00:20:20.622 --> 00:20:22.383
 And he's submitting this document.
 
 00:20:22.796 --> 00:20:25.616
 typically to the Committee
 
 00:20:25.636 --> 00:20:27.277
 of Correspondence that sent him.
 
 00:20:28.317 --> 00:20:28.757
 Later on,
 
 00:20:28.817 --> 00:20:30.778
 some of his rides are on behalf
 
 00:20:30.938 --> 00:20:32.798
 of the Committee of Safety, which was,
 
 00:20:33.318 --> 00:20:34.179
 the Massachusetts Committee
 
 00:20:34.199 --> 00:20:37.019
 of Safety was created by
 
 00:20:37.059 --> 00:20:38.099
 the provincial government
 
 00:20:39.380 --> 00:20:42.421
 to kind of start to oversee
 
 00:20:42.461 --> 00:20:44.641
 military operations.
 
 00:20:44.800 --> 00:20:45.781
 And so he's,
 
 00:20:48.031 --> 00:20:49.251
 know basically a contractor
 
 00:20:49.311 --> 00:20:50.392
 working for these different
 
 00:20:50.512 --> 00:20:52.952
 government bodies um and he
 
 00:20:53.012 --> 00:20:54.833
 is both basically both
 
 00:20:54.913 --> 00:20:57.314
 submitting expenses and um
 
 00:20:57.614 --> 00:20:58.953
 being paid for his time as
 
 00:20:59.034 --> 00:21:01.095
 well and so on several of
 
 00:21:01.134 --> 00:21:02.154
 these bills you'll both see
 
 00:21:02.275 --> 00:21:03.634
 for my horse and for my
 
 00:21:03.694 --> 00:21:05.535
 time right yeah and
 
 00:21:05.576 --> 00:21:06.395
 actually there's a fun
 
 00:21:06.435 --> 00:21:09.195
 story oh sorry no go on um
 
 00:21:09.236 --> 00:21:10.556
 there's a fun story about
 
 00:21:10.676 --> 00:21:12.336
 one of those bills because um
 
 00:21:13.604 --> 00:21:14.805
 In December 1774,
 
 00:21:14.805 --> 00:21:17.925
 Revere brought a message
 
 00:21:18.247 --> 00:21:21.508
 from Boston up to Portsmouth,
 
 00:21:21.548 --> 00:21:22.128
 New Hampshire.
 
 00:21:23.068 --> 00:21:24.390
 It was a military
 
 00:21:24.430 --> 00:21:25.430
 intelligence about a
 
 00:21:25.450 --> 00:21:26.911
 potential impending
 
 00:21:27.330 --> 00:21:29.211
 fortification of the fort
 
 00:21:29.471 --> 00:21:30.952
 up there that just had a
 
 00:21:31.272 --> 00:21:34.474
 six-man garrison who was stationed there.
 
 00:21:34.674 --> 00:21:38.457
 And this looked like it
 
 00:21:38.517 --> 00:21:40.377
 could be the first armed conflict.
 
 00:21:40.458 --> 00:21:41.338
 It didn't end up being.
 
 00:21:42.938 --> 00:21:46.308
 but it was a tense military situation.
 
 00:21:46.328 --> 00:21:48.173
 One of the big questions on
 
 00:21:48.253 --> 00:21:49.858
 everyone's mind is we have,
 
 00:21:50.689 --> 00:21:52.369
 local militias who
 
 00:21:52.430 --> 00:21:54.010
 theoretically report up to
 
 00:21:54.152 --> 00:21:55.192
 the royal forces.
 
 00:21:55.211 --> 00:21:57.193
 And if those two are
 
 00:21:57.513 --> 00:21:58.634
 colliding with one another,
 
 00:21:59.115 --> 00:21:59.935
 who gets the weapons?
 
 00:22:00.276 --> 00:22:02.237
 Who gets the military stores?
 
 00:22:03.218 --> 00:22:04.439
 And that's something that
 
 00:22:04.479 --> 00:22:05.239
 was very important for
 
 00:22:05.298 --> 00:22:06.539
 Lexington and Concord as well.
 
 00:22:07.421 --> 00:22:08.442
 But he brings this message
 
 00:22:08.501 --> 00:22:09.261
 up to Portsmouth.
 
 00:22:09.662 --> 00:22:11.063
 And for many years,
 
 00:22:11.143 --> 00:22:12.284
 historians believed that
 
 00:22:13.525 --> 00:22:14.685
 Revere took the message up,
 
 00:22:15.026 --> 00:22:16.426
 returned to Boston the next day.
 
 00:22:16.946 --> 00:22:18.147
 And meanwhile,
 
 00:22:18.327 --> 00:22:20.869
 the raid on Fort William and
 
 00:22:20.890 --> 00:22:22.550
 Mary outside of Fort Smith
 
 00:22:23.151 --> 00:22:23.931
 was taking place.
 
 00:22:24.592 --> 00:22:25.833
 So that raid did take place.
 
 00:22:25.913 --> 00:22:27.272
 It didn't end up being a battle,
 
 00:22:27.574 --> 00:22:30.414
 but it was a major event
 
 00:22:30.575 --> 00:22:32.355
 for that part of New Hampshire.
 
 00:22:34.383 --> 00:22:35.684
 But about 10 years ago,
 
 00:22:36.767 --> 00:22:38.449
 a hobbyist historian who
 
 00:22:38.469 --> 00:22:39.671
 was a fan of Paul Revere
 
 00:22:39.750 --> 00:22:41.574
 and has become a friend of
 
 00:22:41.634 --> 00:22:44.278
 the Paul Revere House was
 
 00:22:44.518 --> 00:22:47.301
 looking at a copy of the
 
 00:22:47.321 --> 00:22:48.704
 bill that Revere submitted for
 
 00:22:50.507 --> 00:22:51.548
 for expenses for this
 
 00:22:52.528 --> 00:22:53.770
 because that bill was
 
 00:22:53.851 --> 00:22:54.951
 actually in private hands
 
 00:22:55.011 --> 00:22:56.773
 and was up for sale and so
 
 00:22:56.794 --> 00:22:59.497
 he got to see this copy and
 
 00:22:59.896 --> 00:23:01.838
 he noticed that there was
 
 00:23:02.118 --> 00:23:03.221
 another ride on the bill as
 
 00:23:03.280 --> 00:23:05.722
 well and it looked like
 
 00:23:06.104 --> 00:23:07.765
 Revere was charging five
 
 00:23:07.825 --> 00:23:09.507
 times as much for this New
 
 00:23:09.527 --> 00:23:11.088
 Hampshire trip as for
 
 00:23:11.108 --> 00:23:12.871
 another one night trip and
 
 00:23:13.411 --> 00:23:14.391
 looking at the details,
 
 00:23:14.912 --> 00:23:16.451
 that's because the bill
 
 00:23:16.511 --> 00:23:17.692
 isn't for a one-night trip.
 
 00:23:17.913 --> 00:23:20.953
 It's for a five-night trip.
 
 00:23:21.134 --> 00:23:25.615
 And so from that piece of documentation,
 
 00:23:25.796 --> 00:23:27.455
 all evidence suggests that
 
 00:23:27.496 --> 00:23:28.997
 Revere actually was present
 
 00:23:29.196 --> 00:23:31.157
 in Portsmouth during this raid.
 
 00:23:31.817 --> 00:23:32.978
 And so it's likely that he
 
 00:23:33.238 --> 00:23:34.019
 participated in the
 
 00:23:34.058 --> 00:23:35.538
 planning or participated in
 
 00:23:35.638 --> 00:23:38.460
 some way in the discussions
 
 00:23:38.519 --> 00:23:39.840
 leading up to this happening,
 
 00:23:39.980 --> 00:23:41.561
 rather than already being
 
 00:23:41.622 --> 00:23:42.442
 on his horse again.
 
 00:23:43.182 --> 00:23:44.603
 by the time it was taking place.
 
 00:23:45.483 --> 00:23:46.605
 It's fascinating.
 
 00:23:46.644 --> 00:23:48.767
 We are still learning about these things.
 
 00:23:48.866 --> 00:23:50.607
 Absolutely.
 
 00:23:50.827 --> 00:23:52.009
 It's an amazing story.
 
 00:23:52.368 --> 00:23:53.950
 We're talking with Tegan Kehoe,
 
 00:23:53.970 --> 00:23:54.750
 who is the Research and
 
 00:23:54.790 --> 00:23:55.971
 Adult Program Director at
 
 00:23:56.011 --> 00:23:57.472
 the Paul Revere House,
 
 00:23:57.573 --> 00:23:59.974
 talking about our favorite patriot,
 
 00:24:00.015 --> 00:24:03.376
 Paul Revere, and his many exploits.
 
 00:24:03.416 --> 00:24:05.298
 Did he ever serve in the military then?
 
 00:24:05.318 --> 00:24:07.160
 He said he was in the Seven Years' War.
 
 00:24:07.540 --> 00:24:09.162
 So what about the Revolution?
 
 00:24:09.846 --> 00:24:10.247
 He did.
 
 00:24:10.267 --> 00:24:12.188
 He had what for him was
 
 00:24:12.288 --> 00:24:13.347
 probably a somewhat
 
 00:24:13.509 --> 00:24:15.368
 frustrating military career
 
 00:24:15.970 --> 00:24:17.849
 in that for about the first
 
 00:24:17.890 --> 00:24:20.852
 year he was stationed at Castle Island,
 
 00:24:20.932 --> 00:24:22.672
 which was still an island at the time.
 
 00:24:22.692 --> 00:24:25.953
 And that was just a very
 
 00:24:26.374 --> 00:24:27.614
 uneventful posting.
 
 00:24:29.813 --> 00:24:30.733
 like to imagine that his
 
 00:24:30.814 --> 00:24:32.414
 family liked that he had an
 
 00:24:32.515 --> 00:24:35.397
 uneventful posting at that point.
 
 00:24:35.458 --> 00:24:36.459
 He and his second wife had
 
 00:24:36.479 --> 00:24:38.019
 been married for about
 
 00:24:38.461 --> 00:24:39.540
 three years by the time he
 
 00:24:39.580 --> 00:24:41.163
 was serving in the military.
 
 00:24:41.222 --> 00:24:42.044
 They had kids.
 
 00:24:42.183 --> 00:24:43.724
 They were also raising his
 
 00:24:44.286 --> 00:24:45.226
 five surviving children
 
 00:24:45.246 --> 00:24:46.247
 from his first marriage.
 
 00:24:47.587 --> 00:24:48.628
 And in fact,
 
 00:24:48.689 --> 00:24:50.431
 the Portsmouth ride that I
 
 00:24:50.471 --> 00:24:52.613
 mentioned was very soon
 
 00:24:52.732 --> 00:24:55.595
 after his first child with
 
 00:24:55.634 --> 00:24:57.057
 his second wife was born.
 
 00:24:58.337 --> 00:24:59.758
 So I think having him not go
 
 00:24:59.817 --> 00:25:02.180
 too far was a good thing for the family.
 
 00:25:02.980 --> 00:25:04.060
 They had spent the first
 
 00:25:04.340 --> 00:25:06.323
 year of the war when Boston was occupied,
 
 00:25:06.883 --> 00:25:08.703
 they had spent it together in Watertown,
 
 00:25:08.804 --> 00:25:09.724
 he and his family,
 
 00:25:11.605 --> 00:25:12.307
 which was something that a
 
 00:25:12.406 --> 00:25:13.507
 lot of Bostonians were
 
 00:25:13.527 --> 00:25:15.669
 doing as they were getting out of town.
 
 00:25:17.029 --> 00:25:20.071
 But then Revere continued in
 
 00:25:20.132 --> 00:25:21.172
 his military service.
 
 00:25:21.352 --> 00:25:22.792
 He ended up achieving the
 
 00:25:22.833 --> 00:25:23.973
 rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
 
 00:25:26.261 --> 00:25:28.723
 His service ended after a
 
 00:25:29.203 --> 00:25:32.665
 complicated failure, essentially,
 
 00:25:32.685 --> 00:25:35.747
 what's called the Penobscot Expedition,
 
 00:25:36.627 --> 00:25:38.828
 which is named for the area of Maine,
 
 00:25:39.429 --> 00:25:41.109
 which was then part of Massachusetts.
 
 00:25:42.382 --> 00:25:44.025
 which in turn is named for
 
 00:25:44.065 --> 00:25:45.205
 the Penobscot people who
 
 00:25:45.247 --> 00:25:46.588
 lived there and other
 
 00:25:46.628 --> 00:25:48.191
 places and at the time were
 
 00:25:49.373 --> 00:25:51.115
 very populous in that area.
 
 00:25:51.997 --> 00:25:53.298
 But this was not a conflict
 
 00:25:53.318 --> 00:25:54.942
 directly with the Penobscot people,
 
 00:25:55.061 --> 00:25:56.763
 it was a conflict with the royal forces.
 
 00:25:57.865 --> 00:26:00.628
 And like many other native nations,
 
 00:26:00.669 --> 00:26:02.589
 the Penobscot were choosing
 
 00:26:02.609 --> 00:26:03.951
 alliances in terms of
 
 00:26:04.151 --> 00:26:05.632
 whatever would be safest for them.
 
 00:26:05.652 --> 00:26:08.013
 But this particular conflict
 
 00:26:08.153 --> 00:26:11.317
 was both Massachusetts
 
 00:26:11.696 --> 00:26:14.538
 militia and Continental Army and
 
 00:26:16.448 --> 00:26:18.048
 trying to meet up with royal
 
 00:26:18.088 --> 00:26:20.009
 forces and have this conflict.
 
 00:26:21.411 --> 00:26:23.531
 And it was just exemplary of
 
 00:26:23.692 --> 00:26:26.093
 how hard military strategy
 
 00:26:26.192 --> 00:26:28.634
 was before any modern
 
 00:26:28.994 --> 00:26:30.316
 communications technologies.
 
 00:26:31.736 --> 00:26:33.576
 And so it was people who
 
 00:26:33.616 --> 00:26:34.798
 were trying to coordinate
 
 00:26:34.837 --> 00:26:35.538
 with one another,
 
 00:26:36.098 --> 00:26:37.460
 arriving at different times,
 
 00:26:37.480 --> 00:26:39.800
 having different military intelligence.
 
 00:26:41.201 --> 00:26:43.282
 And he had his men retreat.
 
 00:26:44.340 --> 00:26:45.981
 Others were treated at different times.
 
 00:26:46.781 --> 00:26:48.643
 And I am very far from being
 
 00:26:48.663 --> 00:26:49.804
 a military historian,
 
 00:26:49.903 --> 00:26:51.105
 but my understanding of
 
 00:26:51.204 --> 00:26:52.806
 what the consensus is among
 
 00:26:53.006 --> 00:26:54.527
 experts on this is that
 
 00:26:54.926 --> 00:26:55.767
 Revere was essentially
 
 00:26:55.826 --> 00:26:58.189
 scapegoated by other small
 
 00:26:58.749 --> 00:27:00.029
 middle leaders who were
 
 00:27:00.509 --> 00:27:01.470
 also worried that they were
 
 00:27:01.509 --> 00:27:03.672
 going to be in trouble for this.
 
 00:27:04.011 --> 00:27:06.512
 And the message that it was
 
 00:27:06.593 --> 00:27:08.134
 his fault or that he was
 
 00:27:08.294 --> 00:27:09.315
 one of the people at fault
 
 00:27:09.775 --> 00:27:11.036
 kind of got back to the
 
 00:27:11.076 --> 00:27:12.296
 higher ups before his
 
 00:27:12.375 --> 00:27:13.237
 version of the story.
 
 00:27:14.182 --> 00:27:14.324
 Um.
 
 00:27:15.398 --> 00:27:17.220
 So he was discharged and
 
 00:27:17.779 --> 00:27:18.559
 charged with
 
 00:27:19.320 --> 00:27:20.740
 insubordination and cowardice.
 
 00:27:22.461 --> 00:27:23.722
 And so he had a pretty
 
 00:27:23.782 --> 00:27:26.804
 dishonorable end to his military career.
 
 00:27:27.964 --> 00:27:28.505
 And this was,
 
 00:27:28.944 --> 00:27:31.205
 he was without any kind of trial.
 
 00:27:31.266 --> 00:27:32.646
 It was just a dismissal.
 
 00:27:33.227 --> 00:27:35.488
 And then he spent quite a
 
 00:27:35.508 --> 00:27:37.148
 bit of energy on trying to
 
 00:27:37.229 --> 00:27:38.209
 get a court martial,
 
 00:27:38.308 --> 00:27:39.109
 which normally you don't
 
 00:27:39.150 --> 00:27:40.069
 want to be court martialed,
 
 00:27:40.150 --> 00:27:41.651
 but this was the trial that
 
 00:27:41.730 --> 00:27:43.912
 he deserved that he hadn't received.
 
 00:27:44.810 --> 00:27:46.476
 So after seven attempts, he finally
 
 00:27:48.660 --> 00:27:50.361
 those charges.
 
 00:27:50.541 --> 00:27:52.702
 So, you know, looking back at Paul Revere,
 
 00:27:54.164 --> 00:27:55.465
 I don't think that Coward,
 
 00:27:55.546 --> 00:27:56.666
 who was insubordinate,
 
 00:27:56.747 --> 00:27:57.788
 needs to be the top of
 
 00:27:57.847 --> 00:27:59.449
 anyone's list of adjectives.
 
 00:28:00.690 --> 00:28:02.791
 But it's not clear whether
 
 00:28:02.872 --> 00:28:04.532
 he was skilled as a tactician,
 
 00:28:04.633 --> 00:28:05.753
 and it's not clear whether
 
 00:28:05.814 --> 00:28:06.674
 skill would have helped him
 
 00:28:06.734 --> 00:28:07.455
 in that scenario.
 
 00:28:07.895 --> 00:28:08.435
 Right, right.
 
 00:28:08.717 --> 00:28:09.017
 Thank you.
 
 00:28:09.057 --> 00:28:10.218
 We're talking with Tegan
 
 00:28:10.278 --> 00:28:11.679
 Kehoe from the Paul Revere
 
 00:28:11.739 --> 00:28:13.240
 House about Paul Revere's
 
 00:28:13.279 --> 00:28:14.181
 military career.
 
 00:28:14.942 --> 00:28:16.103
 And can you, by the way,
 
 00:28:16.542 --> 00:28:17.825
 We've covered a lot of
 
 00:28:17.884 --> 00:28:19.027
 ground here about Revere's,
 
 00:28:19.067 --> 00:28:20.248
 the many facets of his life.
 
 00:28:20.288 --> 00:28:21.108
 Are there books you might
 
 00:28:21.148 --> 00:28:22.171
 recommend for if someone
 
 00:28:22.211 --> 00:28:23.653
 wants to know more about Revere?
 
 00:28:24.294 --> 00:28:24.693
 Certainly.
 
 00:28:24.713 --> 00:28:27.498
 So there are several that I think are...
 
 00:28:28.823 --> 00:28:29.423
 are very good.
 
 00:28:30.344 --> 00:28:32.285
 So one that I've been
 
 00:28:32.345 --> 00:28:34.026
 reading more recently is, oh,
 
 00:28:34.326 --> 00:28:35.686
 let me see if I can remember.
 
 00:28:35.727 --> 00:28:36.948
 This is going to turn into a
 
 00:28:36.988 --> 00:28:39.148
 pop quiz of book titles.
 
 00:28:39.388 --> 00:28:41.130
 Midnight Ride, Industrial Dawn.
 
 00:28:41.329 --> 00:28:42.931
 Yeah, Rob Martello's book, yeah.
 
 00:28:43.050 --> 00:28:43.510
 Exactly.
 
 00:28:44.231 --> 00:28:45.592
 So that's probably the most recent.
 
 00:28:45.811 --> 00:28:47.973
 And that looks at Revere's
 
 00:28:48.034 --> 00:28:49.934
 life and career after the revolution.
 
 00:28:50.875 --> 00:28:52.776
 And Revere was part of the
 
 00:28:52.836 --> 00:28:54.057
 transition from an
 
 00:28:54.896 --> 00:28:55.857
 artisan-based craftsmanship
 
 00:28:56.202 --> 00:28:58.423
 craft-based economy to a
 
 00:28:58.483 --> 00:28:59.644
 more industrial one.
 
 00:29:00.384 --> 00:29:01.664
 He had a factory and his
 
 00:29:01.744 --> 00:29:03.025
 copper rolling mill and
 
 00:29:03.605 --> 00:29:05.125
 rather than his workforce
 
 00:29:05.246 --> 00:29:06.826
 being apprentices who were
 
 00:29:06.925 --> 00:29:08.527
 studying under him and
 
 00:29:08.606 --> 00:29:11.567
 journeymen who kind of had
 
 00:29:11.627 --> 00:29:12.847
 learned the skill but did
 
 00:29:12.887 --> 00:29:14.189
 not have a shop of their own,
 
 00:29:15.308 --> 00:29:17.130
 his workforce was more
 
 00:29:17.250 --> 00:29:20.851
 unskilled laborers and more
 
 00:29:21.960 --> 00:29:23.601
 people he was treating as a
 
 00:29:24.182 --> 00:29:25.163
 workforce rather than
 
 00:29:25.262 --> 00:29:26.884
 treating as students.
 
 00:29:27.505 --> 00:29:29.547
 And so that was a big transition.
 
 00:29:29.586 --> 00:29:31.347
 And the book says it much
 
 00:29:31.387 --> 00:29:32.288
 better than I do with much
 
 00:29:32.348 --> 00:29:33.810
 more detail about the significance,
 
 00:29:33.971 --> 00:29:35.412
 but I highly recommend that.
 
 00:29:37.664 --> 00:29:39.026
 And then Paul Revere's Ride
 
 00:29:39.086 --> 00:29:40.207
 by David Hackett Fisher is
 
 00:29:40.366 --> 00:29:41.528
 still kind of the gold
 
 00:29:41.567 --> 00:29:43.190
 standard for if you want to
 
 00:29:43.230 --> 00:29:45.050
 know about Paul Revere's Ride.
 
 00:29:45.632 --> 00:29:47.833
 And it is not limited to just that night.
 
 00:29:47.893 --> 00:29:49.153
 There's a lot of the context
 
 00:29:49.375 --> 00:29:50.434
 and a lot of the history,
 
 00:29:50.615 --> 00:29:52.797
 but it's a very good...
 
 00:29:53.698 --> 00:29:55.358
 good summary and good
 
 00:29:55.519 --> 00:29:58.619
 exploration of that ride.
 
 00:29:59.319 --> 00:30:00.380
 I personally also really
 
 00:30:00.420 --> 00:30:02.421
 like Jane Triber's Paul Revere,
 
 00:30:02.441 --> 00:30:03.340
 A True Republican,
 
 00:30:03.642 --> 00:30:05.642
 which is exploring what the
 
 00:30:05.682 --> 00:30:08.022
 concept of Republican meant at the time.
 
 00:30:08.063 --> 00:30:08.942
 It doesn't have to do with
 
 00:30:08.982 --> 00:30:10.564
 today's political party by that name,
 
 00:30:11.983 --> 00:30:13.065
 but that's a good one.
 
 00:30:14.545 --> 00:30:17.566
 And we have a hope that
 
 00:30:17.645 --> 00:30:18.727
 someday there will be a
 
 00:30:19.106 --> 00:30:21.307
 reprint of the currently out of print
 
 00:30:22.421 --> 00:30:24.663
 biography of Paul Revere by Esther Forbes,
 
 00:30:24.923 --> 00:30:26.663
 who was a real powerhouse
 
 00:30:26.703 --> 00:30:29.506
 of a historian in the 1940s.
 
 00:30:29.747 --> 00:30:31.627
 And some of her work has
 
 00:30:32.107 --> 00:30:33.669
 since been questioned just
 
 00:30:33.709 --> 00:30:36.932
 because anyone writing in
 
 00:30:36.971 --> 00:30:38.613
 the 80 years ago,
 
 00:30:38.633 --> 00:30:41.615
 there have been changes since in,
 
 00:30:42.215 --> 00:30:43.297
 I was just describing a
 
 00:30:43.517 --> 00:30:44.518
 change that happened 10
 
 00:30:44.518 --> 00:30:46.118
 years ago in our understanding of Revere.
 
 00:30:46.873 --> 00:30:48.875
 um but you know we we still
 
 00:30:48.914 --> 00:30:49.875
 hope that that will be able
 
 00:30:49.895 --> 00:30:51.798
 to to reach more people but
 
 00:30:51.857 --> 00:30:52.979
 it is because it's out of
 
 00:30:53.038 --> 00:30:54.299
 print it is findable if you
 
 00:30:54.319 --> 00:30:55.721
 look at internet archive or
 
 00:30:55.741 --> 00:30:58.744
 various other sources in
 
 00:30:58.785 --> 00:30:59.986
 the world he lived in right
 
 00:31:00.006 --> 00:31:01.446
 is that something yeah yes
 
 00:31:01.907 --> 00:31:03.348
 again we're big forbes fans
 
 00:31:03.388 --> 00:31:05.211
 here yeah yeah yeah well so
 
 00:31:05.250 --> 00:31:07.232
 so am I um now you
 
 00:31:07.272 --> 00:31:08.834
 mentioned a little bit
 
 00:31:08.874 --> 00:31:11.356
 about his family and uh his son
 
 00:31:12.557 --> 00:31:13.737
 takes over the business
 
 00:31:14.317 --> 00:31:16.298
 because Revere lives a long
 
 00:31:16.357 --> 00:31:17.718
 time after the revolution.
 
 00:31:18.117 --> 00:31:18.618
 He does.
 
 00:31:19.598 --> 00:31:21.479
 So Revere lives until 1818.
 
 00:31:21.999 --> 00:31:23.000
 So he's 83.
 
 00:31:25.160 --> 00:31:27.181
 Sadly, he outlived most of his children.
 
 00:31:27.201 --> 00:31:30.741
 Of the 11 who survived early childhood,
 
 00:31:31.281 --> 00:31:33.461
 only five of them survived their father.
 
 00:31:33.481 --> 00:31:35.022
 But many of them had
 
 00:31:36.977 --> 00:31:37.217
 you know,
 
 00:31:37.257 --> 00:31:39.417
 full lives and went on to do many
 
 00:31:39.438 --> 00:31:40.117
 different things.
 
 00:31:40.878 --> 00:31:43.160
 He did have sons who were
 
 00:31:43.200 --> 00:31:43.940
 working with him in the
 
 00:31:43.980 --> 00:31:44.880
 copper rolling mill.
 
 00:31:45.941 --> 00:31:47.981
 And Joseph Warren Revere, one of his sons,
 
 00:31:49.761 --> 00:31:52.143
 did some industrial espionage,
 
 00:31:52.203 --> 00:31:54.704
 getting some secrets of
 
 00:31:54.765 --> 00:31:55.704
 copper rolling from
 
 00:31:55.765 --> 00:31:57.226
 European mills by posing as
 
 00:31:57.266 --> 00:31:58.746
 an investor or a potential
 
 00:31:58.806 --> 00:32:01.406
 investor and was able to
 
 00:32:01.446 --> 00:32:02.508
 carry on that tradition.
 
 00:32:03.686 --> 00:32:06.728
 Um, and Revere's second wife, Rachel, uh,
 
 00:32:07.147 --> 00:32:08.887
 predeceased him by about five years.
 
 00:32:09.147 --> 00:32:10.228
 So they were able to spend
 
 00:32:10.647 --> 00:32:11.808
 much of their lives together.
 
 00:32:11.828 --> 00:32:14.588
 Um, we know almost nothing about Sarah,
 
 00:32:14.648 --> 00:32:16.209
 his first wife, um,
 
 00:32:16.269 --> 00:32:17.670
 simply because there's just
 
 00:32:18.509 --> 00:32:19.849
 almost no documentation.
 
 00:32:19.890 --> 00:32:21.089
 We've got a signature.
 
 00:32:21.869 --> 00:32:22.990
 Um, but Rachel,
 
 00:32:23.030 --> 00:32:23.971
 we do know more about
 
 00:32:24.010 --> 00:32:27.211
 because of letters between them and, um,
 
 00:32:28.491 --> 00:32:28.991
 he was, uh,
 
 00:32:31.769 --> 00:32:31.989
 You know,
 
 00:32:32.048 --> 00:32:33.090
 it seems like it was a very
 
 00:32:33.151 --> 00:32:34.092
 pragmatic match,
 
 00:32:34.333 --> 00:32:35.773
 but also it's like it was a
 
 00:32:35.835 --> 00:32:38.397
 love match and we won over time.
 
 00:32:39.138 --> 00:32:39.799
 And she's a really
 
 00:32:39.839 --> 00:32:41.142
 interesting person herself.
 
 00:32:41.342 --> 00:32:41.782
 She was,
 
 00:32:41.803 --> 00:32:45.407
 it seems very skilled at adapting
 
 00:32:45.488 --> 00:32:47.009
 to whatever life threw at her.
 
 00:32:47.627 --> 00:32:48.989
 She had been the only child
 
 00:32:49.288 --> 00:32:51.211
 and then she married and
 
 00:32:51.250 --> 00:32:52.211
 was the second wife of
 
 00:32:52.270 --> 00:32:54.932
 someone who already had a large family.
 
 00:32:54.952 --> 00:32:58.175
 And so she became a stepmom
 
 00:32:58.355 --> 00:33:00.196
 and a mother herself and
 
 00:33:01.117 --> 00:33:01.698
 raising all of these
 
 00:33:01.738 --> 00:33:02.578
 children as well as
 
 00:33:02.638 --> 00:33:03.259
 eventually some
 
 00:33:03.299 --> 00:33:04.440
 grandchildren and some
 
 00:33:04.559 --> 00:33:05.381
 nieces and nephews.
 
 00:33:05.401 --> 00:33:06.561
 She was...
 
 00:33:08.823 --> 00:33:09.063
 you know,
 
 00:33:09.123 --> 00:33:11.284
 assisting Revere in having the
 
 00:33:11.324 --> 00:33:12.384
 lifestyle that he had of
 
 00:33:12.544 --> 00:33:13.804
 being both a craftsman and
 
 00:33:13.864 --> 00:33:14.785
 someone who was away from
 
 00:33:14.825 --> 00:33:16.285
 home for various political
 
 00:33:16.345 --> 00:33:17.404
 and military reasons.
 
 00:33:18.664 --> 00:33:20.365
 So she seems, you know,
 
 00:33:20.385 --> 00:33:21.006
 like she was a really
 
 00:33:21.026 --> 00:33:22.086
 interesting person herself,
 
 00:33:22.205 --> 00:33:23.826
 Rachel Revere.
 
 00:33:23.846 --> 00:33:24.547
 It does seem like that.
 
 00:33:24.987 --> 00:33:26.086
 How much time elapsed
 
 00:33:26.126 --> 00:33:27.627
 between Sarah's death and
 
 00:33:27.647 --> 00:33:29.307
 then his marriage to Rachel?
 
 00:33:30.057 --> 00:33:30.958
 About five months,
 
 00:33:31.218 --> 00:33:32.838
 which was not uncommon at the time.
 
 00:33:33.740 --> 00:33:35.901
 So Revere had a full time
 
 00:33:35.941 --> 00:33:37.281
 job outside of the home and
 
 00:33:37.342 --> 00:33:38.542
 frankly didn't have the job
 
 00:33:38.583 --> 00:33:39.903
 training to do what the
 
 00:33:39.943 --> 00:33:41.023
 woman of the house would do.
 
 00:33:41.964 --> 00:33:43.945
 The child care, but also the
 
 00:33:45.134 --> 00:33:47.316
 the cooking and the making
 
 00:33:47.395 --> 00:33:48.497
 things for the household.
 
 00:33:49.257 --> 00:33:50.718
 It was not everything from
 
 00:33:50.798 --> 00:33:51.638
 scratch the way we
 
 00:33:51.699 --> 00:33:53.359
 sometimes envision in that period.
 
 00:33:53.400 --> 00:33:54.361
 There were active
 
 00:33:54.441 --> 00:33:56.742
 marketplaces and also barter economies,
 
 00:33:57.423 --> 00:33:58.604
 but you did need a lot of
 
 00:33:58.663 --> 00:33:59.884
 skills that girls learned
 
 00:34:00.705 --> 00:34:02.606
 starting at age four or
 
 00:34:02.666 --> 00:34:04.188
 five that Revere never
 
 00:34:04.228 --> 00:34:05.588
 learned because he was a boy.
 
 00:34:05.890 --> 00:34:08.731
 And so he needed a partner
 
 00:34:09.532 --> 00:34:11.273
 and he really did find one in Rachel.
 
 00:34:12.233 --> 00:34:12.815
 How old was she?
 
 00:34:14.478 --> 00:34:16.159
 She was about 10 years younger than him.
 
 00:34:16.340 --> 00:34:18.460
 That would have been her, I think,
 
 00:34:18.501 --> 00:34:21.563
 late 20s at the time of their marriage.
 
 00:34:21.603 --> 00:34:25.184
 She had not married before
 
 00:34:25.405 --> 00:34:26.224
 she marries Revere.
 
 00:34:26.244 --> 00:34:27.186
 Correct.
 
 00:34:27.226 --> 00:34:29.547
 That was her first marriage.
 
 00:34:30.047 --> 00:34:30.987
 For the time period,
 
 00:34:31.047 --> 00:34:33.989
 she was older to be unmarried as a woman.
 
 00:34:34.710 --> 00:34:35.170
 Interesting.
 
 00:34:35.510 --> 00:34:36.130
 That's interesting.
 
 00:34:36.150 --> 00:34:39.271
 Then raises the stepchildren
 
 00:34:39.351 --> 00:34:40.793
 as well as Revere's children.
 
 00:34:40.833 --> 00:34:41.733
 We're talking with
 
 00:34:47.438 --> 00:34:49.699
 about paul revere and his uh
 
 00:34:49.739 --> 00:34:51.539
 the many facets of his life
 
 00:34:52.199 --> 00:34:54.402
 um now he will revere also
 
 00:34:54.461 --> 00:34:56.463
 was a french huguenot or
 
 00:34:56.503 --> 00:34:57.822
 his father was a french
 
 00:34:57.862 --> 00:34:58.923
 immigrant a huguenot
 
 00:34:58.963 --> 00:35:00.143
 protestant can you tell us
 
 00:35:00.204 --> 00:35:00.945
 anything about this
 
 00:35:00.965 --> 00:35:02.065
 huguenot community in
 
 00:35:02.105 --> 00:35:04.987
 boston and if revere was still part of it
 
 00:35:05.668 --> 00:35:07.351
 As far as we know, he really wasn't.
 
 00:35:07.851 --> 00:35:10.275
 So his father had grown up in France,
 
 00:35:11.536 --> 00:35:14.059
 moved to live with an uncle
 
 00:35:14.199 --> 00:35:16.222
 in Guernsey in the English
 
 00:35:16.242 --> 00:35:20.117
 Channel there when he was about 12.
 
 00:35:20.117 --> 00:35:21.577
 And then that uncle arranged
 
 00:35:21.637 --> 00:35:22.898
 an apprenticeship for him
 
 00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:26.742
 in Boston to a very prominent silversmith,
 
 00:35:27.762 --> 00:35:29.625
 starting when he was around 13 years old.
 
 00:35:30.545 --> 00:35:31.485
 Revere's father was,
 
 00:35:31.746 --> 00:35:33.628
 his given name was Apollo Revoir,
 
 00:35:34.228 --> 00:35:36.429
 but he anglicized it as a
 
 00:35:36.451 --> 00:35:37.952
 young adult when he was in Boston.
 
 00:35:38.572 --> 00:35:39.793
 And the story was that
 
 00:35:40.934 --> 00:35:42.153
 This was how the bumpkins in
 
 00:35:42.333 --> 00:35:43.835
 Boston were pronouncing it anyway.
 
 00:35:44.114 --> 00:35:45.795
 So he was going to change his name.
 
 00:35:46.215 --> 00:35:47.275
 And then he named his son
 
 00:35:47.355 --> 00:35:48.275
 after himself with the
 
 00:35:48.315 --> 00:35:49.215
 anglicized version.
 
 00:35:49.295 --> 00:35:50.996
 So our Paul Revere is named
 
 00:35:51.056 --> 00:35:51.775
 after his father.
 
 00:35:53.476 --> 00:35:54.936
 We know his father spoke French.
 
 00:35:55.077 --> 00:35:55.996
 We don't actually know
 
 00:35:56.036 --> 00:35:57.797
 whether Revere grew up
 
 00:35:57.818 --> 00:35:58.737
 speaking French at all.
 
 00:35:59.858 --> 00:36:01.559
 His church affiliation was
 
 00:36:01.699 --> 00:36:05.099
 with the English speaking folks.
 
 00:36:05.159 --> 00:36:06.340
 He was not involved in the
 
 00:36:08.239 --> 00:36:09.541
 the religious French
 
 00:36:09.581 --> 00:36:11.023
 Huguenot community at all here,
 
 00:36:12.764 --> 00:36:14.186
 we have little glimpses
 
 00:36:14.525 --> 00:36:16.688
 that he might have kind of
 
 00:36:18.751 --> 00:36:20.632
 found some meaning or some
 
 00:36:20.672 --> 00:36:21.833
 kind of cultural heritage
 
 00:36:21.994 --> 00:36:23.514
 in the fact that his father was French.
 
 00:36:24.576 --> 00:36:25.217
 For example,
 
 00:36:25.237 --> 00:36:27.239
 this is kind of a light example,
 
 00:36:27.498 --> 00:36:30.922
 but in Revere's description
 
 00:36:31.043 --> 00:36:32.103
 of his midnight ride,
 
 00:36:32.853 --> 00:36:34.695
 He says that he grabs his
 
 00:36:34.795 --> 00:36:35.914
 boots and his surtout,
 
 00:36:36.034 --> 00:36:36.954
 meaning his overcoat.
 
 00:36:37.775 --> 00:36:39.255
 And that word was used in English,
 
 00:36:39.315 --> 00:36:40.815
 but it wasn't really used
 
 00:36:40.996 --> 00:36:41.916
 for the same garment that
 
 00:36:41.956 --> 00:36:43.016
 he was referring to.
 
 00:36:43.956 --> 00:36:46.157
 So he's kind of throwing in a French word.
 
 00:36:46.878 --> 00:36:49.858
 We imagine that that was his kind of,
 
 00:36:51.199 --> 00:36:53.420
 you know, I don't want to say affectation,
 
 00:36:53.440 --> 00:36:55.460
 but his enjoyment of having
 
 00:36:55.500 --> 00:36:57.161
 that French heritage that
 
 00:36:57.201 --> 00:36:58.320
 he's throwing in that word.
 
 00:36:59.842 --> 00:37:01.302
 There's speculation involved there.
 
 00:37:01.701 --> 00:37:03.641
 You know, it just be that, oh yeah,
 
 00:37:03.661 --> 00:37:04.501
 he kind of said the wrong
 
 00:37:04.521 --> 00:37:06.063
 word for coat when there's
 
 00:37:06.083 --> 00:37:07.503
 a couple different styles of coat.
 
 00:37:07.764 --> 00:37:09.603
 And I might say my rain
 
 00:37:09.643 --> 00:37:13.385
 jacket when I mean my winter coat or,
 
 00:37:13.425 --> 00:37:14.887
 you know, something like that.
 
 00:37:15.007 --> 00:37:15.246
 Yeah.
 
 00:37:15.407 --> 00:37:15.586
 Yeah.
 
 00:37:16.007 --> 00:37:16.347
 Yeah.
 
 00:37:16.367 --> 00:37:16.547
 Yeah.
 
 00:37:16.586 --> 00:37:17.447
 We're talking with Tegan
 
 00:37:17.487 --> 00:37:18.668
 Kehoe from the Paul Revere
 
 00:37:18.688 --> 00:37:21.568
 House about Revere and the Midnight Ride.
 
 00:37:21.710 --> 00:37:22.469
 And now as,
 
 00:37:22.909 --> 00:37:24.451
 did you have to memorize the
 
 00:37:24.471 --> 00:37:25.731
 poem before you started at
 
 00:37:25.771 --> 00:37:26.592
 the Revere House or have
 
 00:37:26.612 --> 00:37:27.211
 you done it since?
 
 00:37:28.219 --> 00:37:29.139
 Neither, neither.
 
 00:37:29.960 --> 00:37:30.400
 But yeah,
 
 00:37:30.440 --> 00:37:32.862
 that is something that memorizing
 
 00:37:32.922 --> 00:37:34.422
 the poem, The Midnight Ride,
 
 00:37:34.603 --> 00:37:36.945
 is a part of many people's education,
 
 00:37:37.125 --> 00:37:38.445
 especially if you grow up
 
 00:37:38.545 --> 00:37:39.385
 in Massachusetts.
 
 00:37:39.907 --> 00:37:41.807
 I think it is a little less
 
 00:37:41.987 --> 00:37:43.849
 out of fashion today for, you know,
 
 00:37:43.889 --> 00:37:44.849
 long memorization.
 
 00:37:46.431 --> 00:37:48.072
 But certainly I still meet
 
 00:37:48.112 --> 00:37:49.913
 school kids who have memorized it.
 
 00:37:53.052 --> 00:37:53.271
 You know,
 
 00:37:53.291 --> 00:37:55.353
 that poem written by Henry
 
 00:37:55.373 --> 00:37:56.594
 Wadsworth Longfellow on the
 
 00:37:56.675 --> 00:37:57.675
 eve of the American Civil
 
 00:37:57.735 --> 00:38:02.358
 War created a lot of who
 
 00:38:02.398 --> 00:38:04.300
 Revere is in the public imagination.
 
 00:38:05.262 --> 00:38:06.983
 And it portrays him in ways
 
 00:38:07.744 --> 00:38:09.244
 that are mostly accurate.
 
 00:38:09.885 --> 00:38:11.967
 And Longfellow went to the
 
 00:38:12.007 --> 00:38:13.047
 Massachusetts Historical
 
 00:38:13.108 --> 00:38:14.228
 Society and read what
 
 00:38:14.309 --> 00:38:16.590
 Revere had to say about the riots.
 
 00:38:16.630 --> 00:38:18.192
 So he knew the story and he
 
 00:38:18.211 --> 00:38:19.452
 took some poetic license.
 
 00:38:20.594 --> 00:38:21.414
 I think the most,
 
 00:38:24.739 --> 00:38:26.260
 The detail that he
 
 00:38:27.041 --> 00:38:28.561
 rearranged that trips a lot
 
 00:38:28.581 --> 00:38:30.282
 of people up is the
 
 00:38:30.322 --> 00:38:31.802
 lanterns from the Old North Church.
 
 00:38:32.842 --> 00:38:33.581
 In the poem,
 
 00:38:34.282 --> 00:38:36.463
 Revere has already rode to
 
 00:38:36.503 --> 00:38:38.003
 Charlestown and is looking
 
 00:38:38.063 --> 00:38:40.284
 back to find out are the
 
 00:38:40.304 --> 00:38:41.925
 British coming by land or by sea,
 
 00:38:42.864 --> 00:38:43.905
 which will affect when they
 
 00:38:43.945 --> 00:38:47.385
 arrive in Lexington by about four hours,
 
 00:38:47.525 --> 00:38:48.766
 whether they're taking the
 
 00:38:48.806 --> 00:38:49.847
 long way or the short way.
 
 00:38:50.786 --> 00:38:52.065
 And he's looking back to find out.
 
 00:38:53.085 --> 00:38:54.126
 And in the real version,
 
 00:38:56.027 --> 00:38:57.487
 he's trying to get out with
 
 00:38:57.567 --> 00:38:59.568
 military intelligence when
 
 00:39:00.487 --> 00:39:02.367
 the royal forces know that
 
 00:39:02.407 --> 00:39:03.407
 there are people trying to
 
 00:39:03.447 --> 00:39:04.307
 get out of the city with
 
 00:39:04.367 --> 00:39:05.648
 military intelligence.
 
 00:39:05.989 --> 00:39:07.568
 So he and Joseph Warren,
 
 00:39:07.608 --> 00:39:09.588
 who's the one who conveyed
 
 00:39:09.608 --> 00:39:10.750
 the message to him and sent
 
 00:39:10.789 --> 00:39:11.929
 him out on this ride,
 
 00:39:13.289 --> 00:39:15.230
 had come up with several backup plans.
 
 00:39:15.750 --> 00:39:17.311
 One is that Revere is not the sole rider.
 
 00:39:17.951 --> 00:39:19.251
 William Dawes is also sent
 
 00:39:19.411 --> 00:39:20.974
 from Boston and then there's
 
 00:39:21.034 --> 00:39:22.175
 sort of a fontry effect
 
 00:39:22.235 --> 00:39:22.898
 when they're out there,
 
 00:39:22.938 --> 00:39:23.778
 they're passing along the
 
 00:39:23.798 --> 00:39:25.242
 message and more people take it up.
 
 00:39:26.184 --> 00:39:27.206
 But then Revere also
 
 00:39:27.266 --> 00:39:28.789
 concocted another backup plan,
 
 00:39:29.070 --> 00:39:30.612
 which is the lantern signals.
 
 00:39:31.586 --> 00:39:33.949
 signals are not to him, they're from him,
 
 00:39:34.650 --> 00:39:35.731
 as a way to get the bare
 
 00:39:35.791 --> 00:39:37.672
 bones version of the message across.
 
 00:39:38.632 --> 00:39:39.914
 But I also kind of already
 
 00:39:39.954 --> 00:39:41.295
 alluded to what I think is
 
 00:39:41.315 --> 00:39:42.697
 the more substantial
 
 00:39:43.277 --> 00:39:44.318
 difference between the
 
 00:39:44.358 --> 00:39:45.780
 Longfellow version of the
 
 00:39:45.840 --> 00:39:47.161
 ride and the real version,
 
 00:39:47.601 --> 00:39:48.742
 which is that Longfellow is
 
 00:39:48.822 --> 00:39:50.664
 very much portraying Revere
 
 00:39:51.045 --> 00:39:53.547
 as a sole actor,
 
 00:39:53.827 --> 00:39:55.789
 that he is this lone hero
 
 00:39:55.889 --> 00:39:57.170
 in the night on his horse,
 
 00:39:58.271 --> 00:39:59.851
 making a difference and
 
 00:39:59.932 --> 00:40:01.954
 certainly his contribution
 
 00:40:02.795 --> 00:40:05.496
 was important and he was, you know,
 
 00:40:05.516 --> 00:40:06.697
 it required many of the
 
 00:40:06.737 --> 00:40:09.880
 same qualities and, you know,
 
 00:40:10.061 --> 00:40:11.181
 qualities of character that
 
 00:40:11.202 --> 00:40:12.443
 I think Monticello was
 
 00:40:12.583 --> 00:40:13.364
 attributing to him.
 
 00:40:14.525 --> 00:40:15.746
 But I think that's really
 
 00:40:15.846 --> 00:40:17.086
 what's significant about
 
 00:40:17.206 --> 00:40:18.307
 the ride and much of
 
 00:40:18.608 --> 00:40:19.688
 Revere's other work is
 
 00:40:20.713 --> 00:40:22.375
 participation in these networks.
 
 00:40:23.215 --> 00:40:24.876
 Some of them were well
 
 00:40:24.916 --> 00:40:25.936
 established at this point.
 
 00:40:26.016 --> 00:40:27.036
 Some of them were being
 
 00:40:27.137 --> 00:40:29.097
 constructed as they were using them,
 
 00:40:29.177 --> 00:40:30.739
 kind of building the plane as you fly it.
 
 00:40:31.900 --> 00:40:34.460
 But this communication network,
 
 00:40:36.041 --> 00:40:37.061
 moving military
 
 00:40:37.121 --> 00:40:38.302
 intelligence from Boston
 
 00:40:38.342 --> 00:40:39.822
 into what was then the countryside,
 
 00:40:39.884 --> 00:40:40.563
 now the suburbs,
 
 00:40:42.545 --> 00:40:44.106
 was a really big part of
 
 00:40:44.166 --> 00:40:45.706
 the story of going from a
 
 00:40:45.865 --> 00:40:47.586
 political revolution to a
 
 00:40:47.786 --> 00:40:48.668
 military conflict.
 
 00:40:50.630 --> 00:40:51.052
 Fascinating.
 
 00:40:51.992 --> 00:40:53.032
 Now, of course,
 
 00:40:53.052 --> 00:40:54.034
 you mentioned some books we
 
 00:40:54.074 --> 00:40:55.394
 could read about Paul Revere,
 
 00:40:55.454 --> 00:40:57.016
 but also visiting the house.
 
 00:40:57.076 --> 00:40:58.036
 So what kind of programs do
 
 00:40:58.056 --> 00:40:59.057
 you have at the house that
 
 00:40:59.097 --> 00:41:00.199
 will help people learn more
 
 00:41:00.239 --> 00:41:02.320
 about Revere and this world?
 
 00:41:02.800 --> 00:41:03.481
 Yeah.
 
 00:41:03.501 --> 00:41:05.103
 So the kind of the basic visit,
 
 00:41:05.202 --> 00:41:06.943
 the anyone coming in off
 
 00:41:06.963 --> 00:41:08.364
 the street without coming
 
 00:41:08.405 --> 00:41:09.385
 at a specific time,
 
 00:41:09.846 --> 00:41:11.927
 you get to see Revere's house itself.
 
 00:41:12.889 --> 00:41:14.449
 So the part of the structure
 
 00:41:14.489 --> 00:41:16.871
 that survives is four rooms.
 
 00:41:17.092 --> 00:41:18.432
 He also had a finished half
 
 00:41:18.512 --> 00:41:19.773
 attic that no longer survives.
 
 00:41:20.579 --> 00:41:22.400
 But you get to see what his bedroom,
 
 00:41:22.740 --> 00:41:23.722
 his children's bedroom,
 
 00:41:23.942 --> 00:41:25.302
 their kitchen would have looked like.
 
 00:41:25.802 --> 00:41:26.744
 And there's also a room in
 
 00:41:26.784 --> 00:41:29.987
 the house set up with much
 
 00:41:30.086 --> 00:41:31.128
 earlier furniture to
 
 00:41:31.168 --> 00:41:32.369
 reflect the period of the
 
 00:41:32.409 --> 00:41:34.349
 first owner of the house in the 1680s.
 
 00:41:35.751 --> 00:41:37.672
 And we also have two museum exhibits,
 
 00:41:37.813 --> 00:41:38.833
 one about his career and
 
 00:41:38.914 --> 00:41:40.235
 one about the Midnight Ride,
 
 00:41:40.315 --> 00:41:41.436
 because how could we not,
 
 00:41:42.516 --> 00:41:43.418
 in our visitor center.
 
 00:41:45.992 --> 00:41:48.233
 When I am welcoming visitors to the site,
 
 00:41:48.353 --> 00:41:49.413
 I will often say,
 
 00:41:50.313 --> 00:41:51.793
 feel free to ask questions.
 
 00:41:51.873 --> 00:41:53.514
 We all love talking history here.
 
 00:41:54.355 --> 00:41:57.016
 And that's really true is that our staff,
 
 00:41:57.976 --> 00:41:59.916
 whether they're seasoned
 
 00:41:59.936 --> 00:42:01.157
 veterans here or whether
 
 00:42:01.338 --> 00:42:03.338
 there are front of house interpreters,
 
 00:42:03.398 --> 00:42:04.739
 many of whom are just
 
 00:42:04.878 --> 00:42:06.500
 starting out in their history careers,
 
 00:42:07.260 --> 00:42:08.320
 um are really you know
 
 00:42:08.380 --> 00:42:09.681
 everyone's knowledgeable
 
 00:42:09.742 --> 00:42:10.943
 and eager to talk about
 
 00:42:11.322 --> 00:42:12.443
 about this history so
 
 00:42:12.483 --> 00:42:14.065
 visitors um you know can
 
 00:42:14.085 --> 00:42:15.706
 get a lot if they kind of
 
 00:42:15.766 --> 00:42:17.108
 take the time because
 
 00:42:17.128 --> 00:42:17.929
 they're in different ways
 
 00:42:18.148 --> 00:42:19.590
 it's a self-guided tour so
 
 00:42:19.630 --> 00:42:20.851
 some people prefer kind of
 
 00:42:20.871 --> 00:42:22.092
 a 10-minute version of the
 
 00:42:22.132 --> 00:42:23.552
 visit and that's welcome
 
 00:42:24.233 --> 00:42:25.355
 but people who really want
 
 00:42:25.454 --> 00:42:27.615
 to to hear a lot of stories
 
 00:42:27.735 --> 00:42:29.338
 absolutely have the opportunity to
 
 00:42:30.697 --> 00:42:31.998
 We also have a series of
 
 00:42:32.097 --> 00:42:34.478
 programs on Saturdays that are drop in.
 
 00:42:34.900 --> 00:42:36.039
 We have the information both
 
 00:42:36.079 --> 00:42:37.001
 in our newsletter on our
 
 00:42:37.360 --> 00:42:38.581
 website and Facebook.
 
 00:42:39.681 --> 00:42:42.384
 So we work with a variety of
 
 00:42:42.563 --> 00:42:44.925
 great program providers who
 
 00:42:45.126 --> 00:42:48.387
 are colonial musicians or
 
 00:42:49.307 --> 00:42:50.489
 colonial tailor or
 
 00:42:50.509 --> 00:42:51.869
 reenactor who portrays Paul
 
 00:42:51.889 --> 00:42:54.251
 Revere or a variety of things.
 
 00:42:54.291 --> 00:42:57.032
 There's a rotating set of those.
 
 00:42:59.389 --> 00:43:01.351
 And then a part that I'm
 
 00:43:01.391 --> 00:43:02.393
 happy to speak to because
 
 00:43:02.434 --> 00:43:04.036
 it is my purview is our
 
 00:43:04.197 --> 00:43:05.418
 annual lecture series.
 
 00:43:05.599 --> 00:43:06.760
 So we have lectures coming
 
 00:43:06.840 --> 00:43:09.846
 up this September, October, and December.
 
 00:43:11.168 --> 00:43:12.449
 And their theme this year is
 
 00:43:12.510 --> 00:43:13.711
 Paul Revere's Other Rides.
 
 00:43:14.824 --> 00:43:15.784
 We're going to be having
 
 00:43:15.983 --> 00:43:17.105
 people speaking to the
 
 00:43:17.164 --> 00:43:19.565
 political situation as well
 
 00:43:19.806 --> 00:43:22.806
 as a scholar of equine
 
 00:43:22.847 --> 00:43:23.626
 history who will be
 
 00:43:23.666 --> 00:43:24.907
 speaking a little bit about
 
 00:43:25.047 --> 00:43:27.148
 what can be known about Revere's horse.
 
 00:43:28.608 --> 00:43:30.028
 Her specialty or one of her
 
 00:43:30.048 --> 00:43:31.389
 specialties is a breed
 
 00:43:31.510 --> 00:43:34.311
 called the Narragansett Pacer that
 
 00:43:35.286 --> 00:43:36.668
 uh many people have
 
 00:43:36.728 --> 00:43:38.208
 speculated was the the type
 
 00:43:38.228 --> 00:43:39.530
 of forest revere road on
 
 00:43:39.590 --> 00:43:41.753
 his ride um she makes a
 
 00:43:41.773 --> 00:43:42.954
 compelling case that it was
 
 00:43:43.213 --> 00:43:44.135
 almost certainly not a
 
 00:43:44.175 --> 00:43:45.936
 pacer but that he probably
 
 00:43:45.996 --> 00:43:46.958
 wrote a pacer on some of
 
 00:43:47.018 --> 00:43:49.500
 his longer rides and my
 
 00:43:49.661 --> 00:43:51.081
 extremely surface level
 
 00:43:51.141 --> 00:43:54.766
 understanding here um is that the the
 
 00:43:55.878 --> 00:43:56.760
 horse that he rode
 
 00:43:57.139 --> 00:43:58.800
 delivering the message that
 
 00:43:59.481 --> 00:44:01.501
 the British troops, or the Royal troops,
 
 00:44:01.561 --> 00:44:03.583
 I should say, because we were all British,
 
 00:44:03.923 --> 00:44:06.925
 were marching on both the
 
 00:44:07.206 --> 00:44:08.146
 Patriots hiding out in
 
 00:44:08.206 --> 00:44:09.427
 Lexington and the military
 
 00:44:09.467 --> 00:44:11.007
 stores out there, you know,
 
 00:44:11.047 --> 00:44:14.050
 the night of April 18th,
 
 00:44:14.090 --> 00:44:15.110
 the night of the Midnight Ride.
 
 00:44:17.068 --> 00:44:19.509
 he's describing his horse as galloping,
 
 00:44:19.849 --> 00:44:20.889
 and that was not something
 
 00:44:20.929 --> 00:44:23.190
 that a pacer physiologically could do.
 
 00:44:23.610 --> 00:44:24.731
 Most horses can gallop,
 
 00:44:24.871 --> 00:44:25.952
 but a pacer's bone
 
 00:44:25.972 --> 00:44:31.315
 structure is not appropriate for that.
 
 00:44:31.335 --> 00:44:33.076
 So her specialty is the pacer,
 
 00:44:33.096 --> 00:44:34.016
 so we'd be learning a lot
 
 00:44:34.036 --> 00:44:35.557
 more about his other rides
 
 00:44:35.838 --> 00:44:36.978
 if we're learning about the
 
 00:44:37.018 --> 00:44:37.818
 Narragansett pacer.
 
 00:44:39.139 --> 00:44:40.079
 So you can tell I'm looking
 
 00:44:40.139 --> 00:44:41.320
 forward to that one because
 
 00:44:41.340 --> 00:44:43.420
 the logistics of
 
 00:44:44.101 --> 00:44:45.682
 horsemanship at the time is
 
 00:44:45.762 --> 00:44:47.202
 something that we don't
 
 00:44:47.242 --> 00:44:48.324
 know a lot about here and
 
 00:44:48.824 --> 00:44:49.804
 we're really interested to
 
 00:44:49.844 --> 00:44:51.125
 hear from scholars who can
 
 00:44:51.184 --> 00:44:52.346
 shed some light on that.
 
 00:44:53.394 --> 00:44:54.255
 And then we'll also have a
 
 00:44:54.295 --> 00:44:55.396
 lecture about kind of the
 
 00:44:55.456 --> 00:44:56.577
 political situation in New
 
 00:44:56.617 --> 00:44:58.077
 Hampshire to tie into that
 
 00:44:58.277 --> 00:44:58.998
 ride that he did.
 
 00:44:59.018 --> 00:45:02.041
 It was probably his most
 
 00:45:02.101 --> 00:45:03.021
 physically challenging
 
 00:45:03.081 --> 00:45:05.202
 because the terrain was just terrible.
 
 00:45:06.324 --> 00:45:08.045
 Winter storms upon winter storms,
 
 00:45:08.164 --> 00:45:10.827
 frozen on dirt roads.
 
 00:45:11.146 --> 00:45:12.507
 So that'll be,
 
 00:45:12.527 --> 00:45:13.748
 that should be an
 
 00:45:14.248 --> 00:45:15.269
 interesting talk as well.
 
 00:45:15.949 --> 00:45:16.891
 So our lecture series is
 
 00:45:16.951 --> 00:45:18.291
 funded by the Lowell Institute.
 
 00:45:18.452 --> 00:45:18.992
 They're free.
 
 00:45:19.391 --> 00:45:20.853
 Most of them are hybrid and they're,
 
 00:45:22.134 --> 00:45:23.155
 The ones that are not hybrid
 
 00:45:23.195 --> 00:45:23.996
 are all online.
 
 00:45:24.215 --> 00:45:25.416
 So there's an opportunity to
 
 00:45:25.617 --> 00:45:26.697
 watch them virtually both
 
 00:45:27.018 --> 00:45:28.278
 live or after the fact.
 
 00:45:29.260 --> 00:45:30.661
 And we actually just had our
 
 00:45:30.800 --> 00:45:31.902
 kind of preview of the
 
 00:45:31.942 --> 00:45:33.664
 series at the beginning of July.
 
 00:45:34.744 --> 00:45:39.128
 And we had a lecture on the
 
 00:45:39.188 --> 00:45:40.829
 effects of the Boston Port Act.
 
 00:45:41.510 --> 00:45:42.811
 And so that's now up on our
 
 00:45:42.831 --> 00:45:44.472
 website and on the GBH
 
 00:45:44.512 --> 00:45:45.594
 forum network as well.
 
 00:45:46.873 --> 00:45:47.153
 Oh, great.
 
 00:45:47.173 --> 00:45:48.255
 So then we'll put up a link
 
 00:45:48.295 --> 00:45:50.838
 to the website on our link to this.
 
 00:45:50.918 --> 00:45:52.559
 So September, October, December,
 
 00:45:52.579 --> 00:45:52.860
 great things.
 
 00:45:52.880 --> 00:45:53.420
 And when you were talking
 
 00:45:53.440 --> 00:45:55.121
 about the physiognomy of a horse,
 
 00:45:55.182 --> 00:45:56.324
 it reminded me that you are
 
 00:45:56.403 --> 00:45:58.485
 also a medical historian
 
 00:45:58.686 --> 00:45:59.567
 and you've written a book
 
 00:46:00.047 --> 00:46:01.048
 exploring American
 
 00:46:01.088 --> 00:46:03.530
 healthcare through 50 historic treasures.
 
 00:46:03.570 --> 00:46:03.911
 I mean, your,
 
 00:46:04.311 --> 00:46:06.273
 your other life as a medical historian.
 
 00:46:07.697 --> 00:46:08.719
 So we've been talking with
 
 00:46:09.199 --> 00:46:10.938
 Tegan Kehoe from the Paul Revere House.
 
 00:46:10.998 --> 00:46:12.219
 I mean, we've covered a lot of ground.
 
 00:46:12.260 --> 00:46:13.780
 We probably could have you on all day.
 
 00:46:13.800 --> 00:46:16.561
 I can talk about Paul Revere all day,
 
 00:46:16.601 --> 00:46:17.641
 but you probably don't want to.
 
 00:46:18.221 --> 00:46:18.840
 But yeah,
 
 00:46:18.880 --> 00:46:20.242
 so I recommend people visit the
 
 00:46:20.282 --> 00:46:23.543
 house and read some of the books.
 
 00:46:24.023 --> 00:46:25.943
 And so thank you so much, Tegan,
 
 00:46:25.983 --> 00:46:26.483
 for joining us.
 
 00:46:26.503 --> 00:46:28.224
 Thank you so much for having me.
 
 00:46:29.034 --> 00:46:30.335
 and enjoy the rest of the summer.
 
 00:46:30.635 --> 00:46:33.398
 And we'll see you then and in the fall.
 
 00:46:34.458 --> 00:46:35.039
 So thank you.
 
 00:46:35.059 --> 00:46:36.460
 And thank you to Jonathan Lane,
 
 00:46:36.599 --> 00:46:38.561
 our producer, the man behind the curtain.
 
 00:46:38.621 --> 00:46:39.603
 And if you have a question
 
 00:46:39.643 --> 00:46:41.423
 or you want to suggest
 
 00:46:41.463 --> 00:46:42.545
 something we should talk about,
 
 00:46:42.605 --> 00:46:44.186
 send Jonathan Lane an email,
 
 00:46:44.246 --> 00:46:45.547
 jlane at revolution250.org.
 
 00:46:46.826 --> 00:46:48.867
 and he will be happy to respond.
 
 00:46:48.887 --> 00:46:50.068
 And also every week I thank
 
 00:46:50.128 --> 00:46:51.250
 folks in some of the places
 
 00:46:51.289 --> 00:46:52.672
 who listen to us regularly.
 
 00:46:53.092 --> 00:46:53.271
 You know,
 
 00:46:53.311 --> 00:46:54.974
 we've had listeners now in 93
 
 00:46:54.974 --> 00:46:56.976
 countries and 3,300 towns
 
 00:46:57.036 --> 00:46:57.835
 around the world.
 
 00:46:57.896 --> 00:46:59.757
 And every week I thank some of them.
 
 00:46:59.818 --> 00:47:00.438
 If you're one of these
 
 00:47:00.498 --> 00:47:01.519
 places and want to send
 
 00:47:01.559 --> 00:47:02.880
 Jonathan Lane an email,
 
 00:47:02.920 --> 00:47:04.021
 he'll send you some of our
 
 00:47:04.543 --> 00:47:05.402
 Revolution 250 swag.
 
 00:47:07.465 --> 00:47:09.467
 This week, folks in Brooklyn, New York,
 
 00:47:09.547 --> 00:47:11.967
 and Charlotte, North Carolina, Easton,
 
 00:47:12.007 --> 00:47:15.050
 Maryland, and in California, Albany,
 
 00:47:15.351 --> 00:47:17.072
 Santa Rosa, San Francisco.
 
 00:47:17.572 --> 00:47:20.353
 Here in the Bay State, Jamaica Plain,
 
 00:47:20.474 --> 00:47:21.655
 Braintree, and Brewster,
 
 00:47:22.275 --> 00:47:23.255
 as well as Orleans.
 
 00:47:23.275 --> 00:47:24.217
 We have listeners in both
 
 00:47:24.356 --> 00:47:25.637
 Orleans and Brewster.
 
 00:47:26.737 --> 00:47:28.378
 And in the state of Washington,
 
 00:47:28.500 --> 00:47:31.260
 East Wenatchee, Killeen, Texas, Detroit,
 
 00:47:31.320 --> 00:47:33.242
 Michigan, West Milford, New Jersey,
 
 00:47:33.943 --> 00:47:35.684
 uh and banglamong and
 
 00:47:35.704 --> 00:47:37.907
 pattaya in thailand as well
 
 00:47:38.168 --> 00:47:40.269
 as roachlets in saxony and
 
 00:47:40.389 --> 00:47:41.590
 in south korea so thank you
 
 00:47:41.630 --> 00:47:43.032
 all for joining us and then
 
 00:47:43.112 --> 00:47:44.753
 play other places between
 
 00:47:44.813 --> 00:47:46.615
 and beyond and now we will
 
 00:47:46.635 --> 00:47:48.458
 be piped out on the road to boston